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Resilient Infrastructure and Financing

Policy Area
Resilient Infrastructure and Financing

POLICY BRIEFS

Policy Briefs contain recommendations or visions and cover policy areas that are of interest to G20 policymakers. The majority of the Policy Briefs has been developed by a corresponding Think20 Task Force.

T20 Recommendations Reports tie related policy proposals made under different G20 Presidencies into a common policy advice framework. They aim to leverage connections between T20 research organizations as well as other stakeholders to address well-defined global problems, in order to support G20 policymakers and to aid business and civil society organizations in complementing G20 policy efforts.

  • Recommendations (43)
  • Visions (1)
  • General Literature (6)
  • COVID-19-related Literature (4)
  • G20 2021

    Building a new sustainable economy. Investing in infrastructure for distribution and well-being
    • Milindo Chakrabarti (Research and Information Systems for Developing Countries, New Delhi (India))
    • Iskandar Abdullaev (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC))
    • Shakhboz Akhmedov (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC))
    • Raja Almarzoqi Albqami (International Monetary Fund (IMF))
    • Yannick Autret (Ministère de la Transition écologique)
    • Ryan Bartlett (WWF)
    • Nicolas J.A. Buchoud (Grand Paris Alliance for Metropolitan Development, Paris (France))
    • Michael Cohen (The New School)
    • Edoardo Croci (Bocconi University, Milan (Italy))
    • John Hauert (GIZ GmbH)
    • Irina Karapetyants (Russian University of Transport)
    • Elisabeth Losos (Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Duke University)
    • Kate Newman (WWF)
    • Beatriz Nofal (Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI))
    • Bart Orr (The New School)
    • Riatu Mariatul Qibthiyyah (Institute for Economic and Social Research, University of Indonesia)
    • Tetsushi Sonobe (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
    • Christian Wertli (Swiss Re)
  • G20 2021

    Maintaining resilient Infrastructure Systems
    • Caroline Evans (PIARC Technical Committee 1.4 Climate Change and Resilience of Road Networks)
    • Alin Halimatussadiah (The Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia)
    • Jean-Bernard Kovarik (Université Gustave Eiffel)
    • Juan Fernando Mendoza Sánchez (Mexican Institute of Transportation)
    • Fabien Palhol (Cerema)
    • Fabio Pasquali (ANAS Italian State Road Agency)
    • Teuku Riefky (Institute for Economic and Social Research, University of Indonesia)
    • Yusuf Sofiyandi Simbolon (The Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics Business, Universitas Indonesia)
    • Monica Starnes (Urban and Regional Infrastructure Research Group ITB)
    • Ibnu Syabri (Urban and Regional Infrastructure Research Group ITB)
    • Teguh Yudho Wicaksono (Mandiri Institute)
    • Fauziah Zen (ERIA)
  • G20 2021

    Sustainable and quality infrastructure beyond the Covid-19 pandemic: Proposals for new financing models
    • Rym Ayadi (Euro-Mediterranean Economists Association (EMEA))
    • Dina Azhgaliyeva (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
    • Nella Sri Hendriyetty (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
    • Tetsushi Sonobe (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
  • G20 2021

    Success path for resilient cities
    • Adam C. Bouloukos (United Nations Development Programme)
    • Erna Gevondyan (Argonne National Laboratory)
    • John Hummel (Argonne National Laboratory)
    • Sara Lechtenberg-Kasten (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center)
  • G20 2021

    Risk mitigation tools to crowd in private investment in green technologies
    • Mahmoud Arbouch (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Otaviano Canuto (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Raffaele Della Croce (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD))
    • Youssef El (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Karim El Aynaoui (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Miguel Vazquez (Bocconi University)
  • G20 2021

    Subnational government infrastructure financing for carbon neutrality
    • Shamshad Akhtar (Karandaaz Pakistan)
    • Ying Qian (Former Director of Asian Development Bank)
    • Cedric Rimaud (Emerging Market Research)
  • G20 2021

    A new vision for Infratech: Governance and value network integration through federated data spaces and advanced infrastructure services for a resilient and sustainable future
    • Norman Anderson (CG/LA Infrastructure)
    • Glenn Ballard (UC Berkeley)
    • Mark Bew (PCSG Limited)
    • David Bowcott (Aon Risk Solutions)
    • Kai Broek (Capgemini Invent)
    • Gerd Buziek (Esri Deutschland GmbH)
    • Michael Bühler (Konstanz University of Applied Sciences (Lead author))
    • Isabel Cane (OECD)
    • Raffaele Della Croce (OECD)
    • Harry Dimitriou (University College London)
    • Dale Evans (Project13)
    • Jeff Herriman (Ascentage Group, LLC)
    • Thorsten Jelinek (Taihe Institute)
    • Volker Kefer (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure)
    • Isidora Kosta (World Economic Forum)
    • Thomas Maier (G20 Global Infrastructure Hub)
    • Konrad Nübel (Technical University Munich (Core team))
    • Ibrahim Odeh (Columbia University)
    • Rafael Sacks (Technion Israel Institute of Technology)
    • Thomas Schmid (Bavarian Construction Industry Association)
    • Hajnalka Vaagen (Norwegian University of Technology)
  • G20 2021

    How quality infrastructure can bring private sector finance into infrastructure investment to recover from the Covid-19 crisis
    • Shamshad Akhtar (Karandaaz Pakistan)
    • Amar Bhattacharya (Brookings Institiution)
    • Nicolas J.A. Buchoud (Grand Paris Alliance for Metropolitan Development, Paris (France))
    • Nella Sri Hendriyetty (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
    • Naoyuki Yoshino (Keio University)
  • G20 2021

    Local Governance of Infrastructure Financing to promote sustainable and inclusive cities
    • Nicola Bilotta (Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI))
    • Max Bouchet (The Brookings Institution)
    • Adil El Madani (Université Libre de Bruxelles)
    • Adauto Modesto (Junior Minas Gerais Development Bank)
    • Teresa Rossi (Instituto Escolhas)
  • G20 2021

    A compass for global recovery: Integrating environmental criteria into Infrastructure Investment
    • Ryan Bartlett (WWF)
    • Peter Boswell (International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC))
    • Nicholas Buchoud (Grand Paris Alliance for Sustainable Investments)
    • Louis Downing (Global Infrastructure Basel)
    • Nathalie Gaullier (Global Infrastructure Basel)
    • Linda Krueger (The Nature Conservancy)
    • Kate Newman (WWF)
    • Beatriz Nofal (Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI))
    • Maria Cecilia Ramirez Bello (Inter-American Development Bank (IDB))
    • Anna Willingshofer (The Nature Conservancy)
  • G20 2021

    G20 support for improved infrastructure project cycles in Africa
    • Rob Floyd (The African Center for Economic Transformation)
    • Priyadarshi Dash (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Paulo Esteves (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro / BRICS Policy Center)
    • Arthur Minsat (Development Center, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD))
    • Aloysius Uche Ordu (SAfrica Growth Initiative, Brookings Institution)
    • Cobus van Staden (South Africa Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA))
  • G20 2021

    Digitally enhanced infrastructures: A three-dimensional approach
    • Dimitris Psarrakis (European Parliament)
    • Vladimir Yakunin (Lomonosov Moscow State University)
    • Chinny C. Ogunro (WellSpring Health)
    • Priyadarshi Dash (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Andrey Filippov (ICENTERO)
    • Veronica Vecchi (Bocconi School of Management)
  • G20 2021

    A regional connectivity partnership for the Mediterranean
    • Raffaele Della Croce (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD))
    • Youssef El (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Karim El Aynaoui (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Alessandro Gili (Istituto per gli studi di politica internazionale (ISPI))
    • Alin Horj (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD))
    • Murat Kenanoğlu (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV))
    • Carlo Secchi (Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale (ISPI) and European Commission)
  • G20 2020

    Defining the role of automated transportation infrastructure in shaping sociotechnical systems
    • Anne Aguilera
    • Fabio Antonialli
    • Jean-Claude Cohen
    • Olivier Fourcadet
    • Philippe Gache
    • Eric Hsu
    • Katherine Kortum
    • Jean-Bernard Kovarik (Université Gustave Eiffel)
    • Barbara Lenz
    • Christian Long
    • Charles Raux
    • Serge Salat
    • Johanna Zmud
  • G20 2020

    Bridging the gaps and mitigating the risks: Tackling the challenges of sustainable cross-border energy infrastructure finance
    • Dongmei Chen (KAPSARC)
    • Philipp Galkin
    • Xinyue Ma
    • Qiankun Wang
    • Yongzhong Wang
    • Feng Zhou
  • G20 2020

    Quality infrastructure investment in the face of the Covid-19 crisis: Sustainability, profitability, and demand versus resilience
    • Nella Sri Hendriyetty
    • Naoyuki Yoshino (Keio University)
  • G20 2020

    Africa’s infrastructure finance
    • Mahmoud Arbouch (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Otaviano Canuto (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Miguel Vazquez (Bocconi University)
  • G20 2020

    The wider economic impacts of transportation infrastructure
    • Corinne Blanquart
    • Chia-Lin Chen
    • Marie Delaplace
    • Pascal Gastineau (IFSTTAR)
    • Martin Koning (IFSTTAR)
    • Gernot Liedtke
    • Francesca Pagliara
    • Jose Maria de Urena
    • Naoyuki Yoshino (Keio University)
  • G20 2020

    Evaluating resilient infrastructure sytems
    • Caroline Evans (PIARC Technical Committee 1.4 Climate Change and Resilience of Road Networks)
    • Bruno Godart (IFSTTAR)
    • Jean-Bernard Kovarik (Université Gustave Eiffel)
    • Juan Fernando Mendoza Sánchez (Mexican Institute of Transportation)
    • Fabien Palhol (Cerema)
    • Monica Starnes (Urban and Regional Infrastructure Research Group ITB)
  • G20 2020

    Shaping the new frontiers of sustainable (urban) infrastructure: Reviewing the long-term value of infrastructure investments and enabling system change
    • Ryan Bartlett (WWF)
    • Nicolas J.A. Buchoud (Grand Paris Alliance for Metropolitan Development (Cercle Grand Paris de l’Investissement Durable))
    • Edoardo Croci (Bocconi University, Milan (Italy))
    • Paramita Datta Dey
    • Nicolas Hautiere
    • Arjan Hijdra
    • Irina Karapetyants (Russian University of Transport)
    • Lori Benita Kerr
    • Sergei Kirpotin
    • Tatiana Kolesnikova
    • Beatriz Nofal (Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI))
    • Mariana Silva
    • Laurin Baptiste Wuennenberg
  • G20 2020

    An intelligent multisided PPP marketplace to resolve chronic impediments to PPP
    • Hamid Adem
    • Khaled Albulaihed
  • G20 2020

    Policies facilitating increased private investment financing for high-impact, sustainable infrastructure projects
    • F. John Mathis
  • G20 2020

    Harnessing innovation in sustainable infrastructure and investment
    • Ellen Brooks Shehata
  • G20 2020

    Achieving project financial certainty via financial risk analysis for robust infrastructure investment
    • David Eaton
    • Yağmur Ceylan Korkut
  • G20 2020

    Multilateral cooperation for investment can mobilize infrastructure funds and link needs of investors, governments, and people
    • Anita Prakash (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA))
  • G20 2020

    Policies and implementation guidelines for data-driven, integrated, risk-based planning of sustainable infrastructure
    • Ryan Bartlett (WWF)
    • Steven Crosskey
    • Peter Head
    • Anuj Malhotra
    • Rowan Palmer
  • G20 2020

    Impact of sea-level rise and extreme events on infrastructure development in global trade and logistics supply chain
    • Hande Demirel
    • Aris Christodoulou
    • Franklin Konuah
    • Nora Nezamuddin
    • Anna Laura Petrucci (Dar Al Uloom University)
    • Athena Roumboutsos
    • Christa Sys
    • Thierry Vaneislander
    • Lama Yaseen
  • G20 2020

    Policy recommendations: Adaptations for private sector-led infrastructure development in africa
    • Rob Floyd (The African Center for Economic Transformation)
    • Abla Abdel-Latif
    • Karim El Aynaoui
    • San Bilal
  • G20 2020

    Instruments and mechanisms to mobilize private investments in local infrastructure
    • Nicola Bilotta (Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI))
    • Franco Passacantando
  • G20 2020

    Resilience Under Crisis: Proposals and Considerations for Regional and Other Trade Agreements
    • Anton Malkin (Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI))
    • Craig Wilson (OS MicroTrends)
    • David Wynne (CanCham Singapore)
    • Derek Ireland (Arthur Kroeger College, Carleton University)
    • Guy Stanley (Foresight Synergy Network, University of Ottawa)
    • D. Ciuriak
  • G20 2020

    Quality Infrastructure Investment and Land Trust in the face of COVID19 crisis
    • Nella Sri Hendriyetty
    • Naoyuki Yoshino (Keio University)
  • G20 Japan

    Policy and Institutional Framework for Delivering on Sustainable Infrastructure
    • Amar Bhattacharya (Brookings Institiution)
    • Kevin Gallagher (Global Development Policy Center, Boston University)
    • Minji Jeong
    • Linda Krueger (The Nature Conservancy)
    • Beatriz Nofal (Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI))
  • G20 Japan

    Economic Effects of Infrastructure Investment from the Land-based Financing
    • Dimitris Psarrakis (European Parliament)
    • Li Xin (Shanghai Institute for International Studies)
    • Maxim Vilisov (DOC Research Institute)
    • Vladimir Yakunin (Lomonosov Moscow State University)
    • Pablo Ava
    • Jose Barbero (National University of San Martin (UNSAM))
    • Anna-Maria Chkoniya (Eurasian Development Bank)
    • Teresita Cruz-del Rosario (DOC Research Institute)
    • Daisuke Kotegawa (Canon Institute for Global Studies)
  • G20 Japan

    Disaster Mitigation Social Resilience: From Humans to Infrastructure
    • Akiko Yamanaka (International Tsunami Disaster Prevention Society)
  • G20 Japan

    Delivering Workforce Productivity Growth
    • Justine Brown
    • Jenna Jackson (PwC)
    • Bhushan Sethi (PwC)
  • G20 Japan

    Industrial Development and ICT in Africa: Opportunities, Challenges and Way Forward
    • Anita Prakash (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA))
    • Ashraf Patel (Institute for Global Dialogue (IGD))
    • Gamal Ibrahim (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa)
    • William Davis (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa)
    • Witness Simbanegavi (African Economic Research Consortium (AERC))
    • Wilson Wasike (African Economic Research Consortium (AERC))
  • G20 Japan

    Sustainable Infrastructure to Secure the Natural Capital of the Amazon
    • Ana Cristina Barros (EcoAxis)
    • Amar Bhattacharya (Brookings Institiution)
    • Kevin Gallagher (Global Development Policy Center, Boston University)
    • Linda Krueger (The Nature Conservancy)
    • Thomas Lovejoy (United Nations Foundation)
    • Bruce McKenney
    • Carlos Nobre (Institute for Advanced Study)
    • Beatriz Nofal (Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI))
  • G20 Japan

    Quality Infrastructure Investment: Ways to Increase the Rate of Return for Infrastructure investments
    • Saloni Lakhia
    • Nella Sri Hendriyetty
    • Naoyuki Yoshino (Keio University)
  • G20 Japan

    Building Resilient Infrastructure Systems
    • Caroline Evans (PIARC Technical Committee 1.4 Climate Change and Resilience of Road Networks)
    • Bruno Godart (IFSTTAR)
    • Jean-Bernhard Kovarik (Université Gustave Eiffel)
    • Jürgen Krieger (Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt))
    • Marc Mimram (École d’Architecture Marne-la-Vallée (EAVT))
    • Fabien Palhol (Cerema)
  • G20 Japan

    Pursuing Quality of Infrastructure for Sustainable Growth
    • Daniel F. Runde (Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington DC)
  • G20 Japan

    Infrastructure Investment Needs and Sources of Financing
    • Yasuyuki Sawada (Asian Development Bank (ADB))
  • G20 Japan

    The Infrastructure Nexus: From the Future of Infrastructures to the Infrastructures of the Future
    • Nicolas J.A. Buchoud (Grand Paris Alliance for Metropolitan Development (Cercle Grand Paris de l’Investissement Durable))
    • Ross Douglas (Autonomy)
    • Pascal Gastineau (IFSTTAR)
    • Martin Koning (IFSTTAR)
    • David Mangin (École d’Architecture Marne-la-Vallée (EAVT))
    • Philippe Poinsot (Université Paris Est Marne-la-Vallée, Mobility, Urban Planning and Transportation Laboratory)
    • Jean François Silvain (The Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB))
    • Hélène Soubelet (The Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB))
  • G20 Argentina

    Fostering the cross-border infrastructure for sustainable development and regional cooperation
    • Dimitris Psarrakis (European Parliament)
    • Li Xin (Shanghai Institute for International Studies)
    • Maxim Vilisov (DOC Research Institute)
    • Vladimir Yakunin (Lomonosov Moscow State University)
  • High-quality infrastructure and land acquisition for infrastructure development through land trusts
    • Nella Sri Hendriyetty
    • Naoyuki Yoshino (Keio University)
  • Global Solutions Journal G20/T20 Italy 2021 Edition

    The Global Solutions Journal G20/T20 Italy 2021 Edition focuses on Italy’s G20 priorities, overcoming the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, Digital Governance and New Measurement. 

    Authors from various sectors – politics, research, academia, business, and civil society – have contributed to this multifaceted edition. 

  • The Solutions Lab | Results Booklet

    We are excited to announce the publication of the Results Booklet of the Solutions Lab on Scaling for Sustainable Infrastructure, which the Global Solutions Initiative (GSI) and Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) have jointly launched. The focus of the Lab has been to analyze what hinders the broad uptake of sustainable infrastructure solutions and to identify approaches that can be scaled across regions.

    Sustainable infrastructure is globally recognized as key to realizing the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Over the last years, more and more strategies, policies and tools have been developed to unleash this potential for sustainable development. Yet, public and private sector still struggle to put in place infrastructures that meet the four principles of sustainability: economic and financial, environmental, social and institutional. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic again underlined the weaknesses of existing infrastructure systems: a lack of basic health and sanitation facilities, inadequate transportation and energy networks and insufficient digital infrastructure still affect the well-being of billions of people.

    The Lab participants have established several workstreams through which it channels its efforts to scale solutions, including (1) on Integrated Upstream Planning, (2) on Sustainable Infrastructure Project Preparation and (3) on Gender-Responsive Infrastructure.

    Explore our Results Booklet to learn more about the process of The Solutions Lab, its methodology, participants, meetings and results.

  • S20 Saudi Arabia Communique

    S20 Saudi Arabia 2020: Read the Communique here.

  • Asian Development Bank Institute’s book “Building the Future of Quality Infrastructure”

    Infrastructure is crucial for fostering countries’ economic development and prosperity.

    Infrastructure contributes to higher productivity and growth, facilitates trade and connectivity, and promotes economic inclusion. Infrastructure is also a key driver for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The development of electricity distribution networks through infrastructure development improves access to energy in urban and rural areas. Transport infrastructure connects people and supports trade by facilitating the movement of goods, contributing to economic growth. Water infrastructure improves health through better access to clean water and more efficient management of scarce resources.

    Read the full report with contributions from Global Solutions Fellow Beatriz Nofal here.

  • G20 Japan: Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment

    This document sets out a set of voluntary, non-binding principles that reflects the G20’s common strategic direction and aspiration for quality infrastructure investment.

    Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment

  • G20 Japan: Compendium of Good Practices for Promoting Integrity and Transparency in Infrastructure Development

    Integrity and transparency are crucial for countering corruption effectively and the delivery of quality infrastructure. Consequently, this Compendium does not look at the secondary consequences of corruption in infrastructure but focuses on transparency and integrity in the infrastructure cycle.

    G20 Compendium of Good Practices for Promoting Integrity and Transparency in Infrastructure Development

  • Housing Amid Covid-19: Policy Responses and Challenges

    The COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted construction, made it difficult for many households to pay for shelter, and seriously hurt the housing sector. Governments have responded with a wide array of measures to protect tenants and mortgage-holders, as well as support builders and lenders. This note mobilises web-search data to shed new light on the impact of the crisis on the construction sector. It then takes stock of measures taken by governments and argues that some of the relief could, if not duly phased out as planned, create unintended inefficiencies and notably make housing supply less responsive to changes in demand and the evolving needs of society. The note concludes by building on recent empirical findings that stress the importance of gradually transitioning from immediate rescue measures to policy settings that can support the recovery and the development of efficient, inclusive and sustainable housing markets.

    Read more.

  • Infrastructure for Growth Post Covid-19

    With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments all over the world are enacting major stimulus packages to confront the health crisis, one of the biggest challenges since the end of the Second World War. But when the pandemic crisis has been tamed, bigger challenges will be waiting, since the major imperative would be to immediately re-launch the global economy.

    To this end, investments in infrastructures can be the right instrument to restart the engine.

    Infrastructure for Growth Post COVID-19

    By Alberto Belladonna (ISPI) and Alessandro Gili (ISPI)

  • Elaborating Transportation Policy during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

    The number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has reached 172, an increase of 86 times since the first two confirmed cases were announced by President Joko ‘Jokowi’ Widodo on 2 March 2020.

    As of 14 March 2020, the Indonesian government has declared the COVID-19 pandemic a national disaster and the President set forth several mitigation measures including a recommendation to ‘work, learn, and worship from/at home’ to reduce the potential spread of this highly contagious disease.

    The interpretation of that strategy inevitably influences the transportation sector since the adopted measures should reduce people’s mobility.

    Elaborating Transportation Policy during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

    By Alloysius Joko Purwanto (ERIA)

  • Are Slums More Vulnerable to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Mumbai

    India has been highly susceptible to the spread of pandemics. The 1918 pandemic caused devastation across the country, with an excess mortality of 4.5%. While a century has passed since then, the present conditions of dense living and a weak public healthcare system makes the possibility of the rapid spread of the current COVID-19 pandemic and heavy loss of life very real. Crowded and poorer areas, where it is difficult for people to safeguard themselves against getting infected, are likely to see worse outcomes. The case of New York City, where poorer neighbourhoods saw disproportionately more deaths and cases, attests to this. The situation is going to be similar, if not worse, for cities in developing countries like India.

    Are Slums More Vulnerable to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Mumbai

    By Shaonlee Patranabis, Sahil Gandhi, and Vaidehi Tande (Brookings)

In The Spotlight

Mainstreaming sustainability and global cooperation will need reforms on the global financial system

Mainstreaming Sustainability and Global Cooperation will Need Reforms on the Global Financial System JAKARTA, 21 FEBRUARY 2022. G20 has always been a forum that recognizes the importance of collective action and inclusive collaboration among major developed and emerging economies worldwide. Inclusive collaboration […]


G20 needs to provide inclusive energy system to accelerate global energy transition

G20 Needs to Provide Inclusive Energy System to Accelerate Global Energy Transition JAKARTA, 21 FEBRUARY 2022. G20 member countries accounted for about 75% of global energy demand. Therefore, the G20 countries have a big responsibility and strategic role in encouraging the use […]


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