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Inequality, Human Capital and Well-being

Policy Area
Inequality, Human Capital and Well-being

POLICY BRIEFS

Policy Briefs contain recommendations or visions and cover policy areas that are of interest to G20 policymakers. The majority of the Policy Briefs has been developed by a corresponding Think20 Task Force.

T20 Recommendations Reports tie related policy proposals made under different G20 Presidencies into a common policy advice framework. They aim to leverage connections between T20 research organizations as well as other stakeholders to address well-defined global problems, in order to support G20 policymakers and to aid business and civil society organizations in complementing G20 policy efforts.

  • Recommendations (89)
  • Visions (3)
  • General Literature (13)
  • COVID-19-related Literature (6)
  • G20 2022

    Towards An International Model Of Portable Migrant Social Protection Scheme
    • Jason Lih Cheng Kok (Independent economist)
    • Ariadna S. Bankowska (Independent economist)
    • Roman J. Zytek (Independent economist)
  • G20 2022

    Teacher-Technology Complementarity For A Resilient Education System
    • Takiko Igarashi
    • Tetsushi Sonobe (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
    • Daniel Suryadarma
    • Vu Thu Trang
  • G20 2022

    Tax Expenditures And Female Labour Force Participation
    • Agustin Redonda (Council on Economic Policies)
    • Nora Lustig (Tulane University)
    • Jacob Bastian (Rutgers University)
    • Amina Ebrahim (United Nations University)
    • Miranda Stewart (University of Melbourne Law School)
  • G20 2022

    Refocusing Effort: Double Burden Of Malnutrition Alleviation In COVID-19 Pandemic Era
    • Tifara Ashari (Ministry of Finance of The Republic of Indonesia)
    • Nadhila Renaldi (Habibie Institute for Public Policy and Governance)
  • G20 2022

    Population Ageing And The Second Demographic Dividend: New Policy Challenges In The New Era
    • Soegianto Ali (School of Medicine and Health Science, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia)
    • Nova Eka Budiyanta (School of Engineering, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia)
    • Putri Purbasari Raharningtyas Marditia (School of Law, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia)
    • Harry Seldadyo (Institute of Public Policy, School of Economics and Business, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia)
    • Eunike Sri Tyas Suci (School of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia)
    • Yuda Turana (School of Medicine and Health Science, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia)
  • G20 2022

    Moving Beyond GDP: A Stock-Flow Approach To Measuring Wellbeing For The G20
    • Livia Bizikova (International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD))
    • Katharina Lima de Miranda (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
    • Robert Smith (International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD))
    • Dennis J. Snower (Global Solutions Initiative)
    • Zakaria Zoundi (International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD))
  • G20 2022

    Migrant Care And Domestic Workers During The Pandemic And Beyond: The G20’s Role In Tackling Inequalities And Guaranteeing Rights
    • Florencia Caro Sachetti (Centro de Implementacion de Politicas Publicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento (CIPPEC))
    • Sandhya S. Iyer (Tata Institute of Social Sciences)
    • Ananya Chakraborty (World Resources Institute)
    • Athiqah Nur Alami (BRIN)
    • Margo Thomas (Women’s Economic Imperative)
  • G20 2022

    Ensuring a Comprehensive, Responsive, and Financially Sustainable Social Protection for the Elderly, at-Risk Informal Workers, and People with Disabilities in Indonesia
    • Sri Kusumastuti (University of Gadjah Mada)
    • Dyah Larasati (The National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction)
    • Elan Satriawan (University of Gadjah Mada)
  • G20 2022

    Eliminating Child Labour: Essential For Human Development And Ensuring Child Well-Being
    • Valeria Groppo (UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti)
    • Josiah Kaplan (UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti)
    • AK Shiva Kumar (UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti)
    • Ramya Subrahmanian (UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti)
    • Anna Zongollowicz (UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti)
  • G20 2022

    Education Recovery for Stronger Collective Futures
    • Alejandra Cardini (Centro de Implementacion de Politicas Publicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento (CIPPEC))
    • Amélie A. Gagnon (IIEP-UNESCO)
    • Kiran Bhatty (Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi (India))
    • Robert Jenkins (UNICEF)
    • Iván Matovich (Centro de Implementacion de Politicas Publicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento (CIPPEC))
    • Karen Mundy (IIEP-UNESCO)
    • Nicolas Reuge (UNICEF)
    • Prachi Srivastava (University of Western Ontario (Canada))
    • Thalia Séguin (IIEP-UNESCO)
  • G20 2022

    Education For Survival: Strengthening Multi-Sectoral And Integrated Policy Approaches To Early Childhood Education, Care, And Development As A Global Common Good
    • Mathias Urban (Dublin City University)
    • Alejandro Acosta (Fundación Centro Internacional de Educación y Desarrollo Humano (CINDE), Antioquia (Colombia))
    • Vina Adrijani (South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization / Regional Centre for Early Childhood Care, Education and Parenting (SEAMEO CECCEP), Indonesia)
    • P K Anand (Research and Information Systems for Developing Countries, New Delhi (India))
    • Claudia Costín (Centro de Excelência e Inovação em Políticas Educacionais (CEIPE-FGV), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil))
    • Jennifer Guevar (CIPPEC)
    • Mercedes Mayol Lassalle (Organisation Mondiale pour l’Education Prescolaire (OMEP))
    • Lynette Okengo (African Early Childhood Network)
    • Yulida Pangastuti (Universitas Gadjah Mada / Tulodo Indonesia/ JADI ANAK (Indonesia))
    • Emily Vargas-Barón (Institute for Reconstruction and International Security through Education (RISE))
  • G20 2022

    Driving Inclusion And Resilience Through Multi-Channel Government-To-Person Payment: Lessons Learned From Indonesia’s Kartu Prakerja
    • Meikha Azzani (Program Management Office (PMO) of Kartu Prakerja)
    • Martha Hindriyani (Program Management Office (PMO) of Kartu Prakerja)
    • Daniera Nanda (Program Management Office (PMO) of Kartu Prakerja)
    • Cahyo Prihadi (Program Management Office (PMO) of Kartu Prakerja)
  • G20 2022

    Digitalization, Inclusion, And Jobs: Here’s How To Plug Into Digital Value Chains While Creating High-Quality Jobs
    • Matthew Stephenson (World Economic Forum)
    • James Zhan (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Geneva (Switzerland))
  • G20 2022

    Building From The Foundations: Improving Data To Inform Future-Fit Social Protection
    • Joanne Crawford (International Women’s Development Agency)
    • Joanna Pradela (International Women’s Development Agency)
  • G20 2022

    Building A Global Safety Net Through A Global Citizen Income And Progressive Global Taxation
    • Fernando Filgueira (Faculty of Social Sciences, University of the Republic of Uruguay)
    • Marc Fleurbaey (Paris School of Economics)
    • Gianluca Grimalda (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
    • Rubén Lo Vuolo (Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Public Policies, Buenos Aires (Argentina))
    • Tommaso Reggiani (Cardiff University)
  • G20 2022

    Achieving Resilient And Inclusive Social Welfare Systems For Aging Societies Against The Pandemic
    • Upalat Korwatanasakul (School of Social Sciences, Waseda University)
    • Pitchaya Sirivunnabood (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
  • G20 2022

    A Closer Look At G20’s Future Of Work In The Digital Era
    • Nawang Anandhini (Resilience Development Initiative)
    • Esy Gracia (Resilience Development Initiative)
    • Ayu Krishna Yuliawati (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
    • Akino Tahir (Resilience Development Initiative)
    • Rickdy Vanduwin Sitanggang (Resilience Development Initiative)
  • Africa’s moment: How youth and natural resources can drive the continent’s global economic and social leadership now
    • Ingrid Carlson (PwC)
    • Dayalan Govender (PwC)
    • Bhushan Sethi (PwC)
  • G20 2021

    Towards humanistic metrics of success for G20 economies
    • Franklin Murillo (Social Progress Imperative)
    • Romina Boarini (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD))
    • Michael Green (Social Progress Imperative)
    • Katharina Lima de Miranda (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
    • Victor Santiago Pineda (World ENABLED, Berkeley CA (USA))
    • Dennis J. Snower (Global Solutions Initiative)
    • Helen Verdeli (Columbia University, New York (USA))
    • Sandra Willis (Columbia University, New York (USA))
  • G20 2021

    Rebuilding education systems for recovery – A crisis-sensitive and equity focused approach
    • Alejandra Cardini (Centro de Implementacion de Politicas Publicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento (CIPPEC))
    • Amélie A. Gagnon (IIEP-UNESCO)
    • Sonja Anderson (Inter-agency Network of Education in Emergencies (INEE))
    • Kiran Bhatty (Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi (India))
    • Robert Jenkins (UNICEF)
    • Iván Matovich (Centro de Implementacion de Politicas Publicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento (CIPPEC))
    • Kate Moriarty (Inter-agency Network of Education in Emergencies (INEE))
    • Nicolas Reuge (UNICEF)
    • Prachi Srivastava (University of Western Ontario (Canada))
    • Thalia Séguin (IIEP-UNESCO)
  • G20 2021

    How do we know goals are achieved?
    • Alejandra Cardini (Centro de Implementacion de Politicas Publicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento (CIPPEC))
    • Mathias Urban (Dublin City University)
    • Alejandro Acosta (Fundación Centro Internacional de Educación y Desarrollo Humano (CINDE), Antioquia (Colombia))
    • P K Anand (Research and Information Systems for Developing Countries, New Delhi (India))
    • Claudia Costín (Centro de Excelência e Inovação em Políticas Educacionais (CEIPE-FGV), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil))
    • Rita Flórez-Romero (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá)
    • Jennifer Guevara (Centro de Implementacion de Politicas Publicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento (CIPPEC))
    • Lynette Okengo (African Early Childhood Network (AfECN), Nairobi (Kenya))
    • Dwi Priyono (South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization / Regional Centre for Early Childhood Care, Education and Parenting (SEAMEO CECCEP))
    • Emily Vargas-Barón (Institute for Reconstruction and International Security through Education (RISE))
  • G20 2021

    Remote working, housing inequality and social mobility
    • Francesco Armillei (Fondazione Ing. Rodolfo Debenedetti, Milan (Italy))
    • Tito Boeri (Bocconi University, Milan (Italy) and Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London (UK))
    • Thomas Le Barbanchon (Bocconi University, Milan (Italy))
  • G20 2021

    Financial Inclusion: The importance of financial literacy and the promotion of better labour market outcomes for women and youth
    • Benedetta Landi (EmpowerYourLife Think Tank of the Global Thinking Foundation, Milan (Italy))
    • Njuguna Ndung’u (African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi (Kenya))
    • Dianah Ngui Muchai (African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi (Kenya))
    • Winnie Sambu (African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi (Kenya))
    • Claudia Segre (EmpowerYourLife Think Tank of the Global Thinking Foundation, Milan (Italy))
    • Abebe Shimeles (African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi (Kenya))
    • Wilson S. K. Wasike (African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi (Kenya))
  • G20 2021

    Beyond Covid-19: what can countries do to address the learning loss caused by the pandemic?
    • Rafael Carrasco (SUMMA)
    • David Dingus (Sheikh Ras Al Khaimah (United Arab Emirates))
    • Marvin Erfurth (Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi Foundation for Policy Research, Ras Al Khaimah (United Arab Emirates))
    • Mauricio Farías (SUMMA)
    • Devyani Pershad (Pratham Education Foundation, New Delhi (India))
    • Natasha Ridge (Sheikh Saud bin Saqr Al Qasimi Foundation for Policy Research)
    • Ivana Zacarias (SUMMA)
  • G20 2021

    A wealth taxation on corporations’ stock
    • Emmanuel Saez (University of California Berkeley (USA))
    • Gabriel Zucman (University of California Berkeley (USA))
  • G20 2021

    Covid-19 and inequality: an integrated policy response for skills, employment and welfare
    • Richard Blundell (University College London (UCL) and Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London (UK))
    • Jonathan Cribb (Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London (UK))
    • Sandra McNally (University of Surrey, Guilford (UK))
  • G20 2021

    Building global citizenship through a global citizen income and progressive global taxation
    • Fernando Filgueira (Faculty of Social Sciences, University of the Republic of Uruguay)
    • Marc Fleurbaey (Paris School of Economics)
    • Gianluca Grimalda (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
    • Rubén Lo Vuolo (Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Public Policies, Buenos Aires (Argentina))
  • G20 2021

    Can trade enhance labour market access and job opportunities for women? The inhibitive roles of entrenched gender inequality
    • Olayinka Idowu Kareem (University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart (Germany))
    • Fatima Olanike (Kareem Trade and Development Policy Research Network)
  • G20 2020

    Governing diagnostics: Covid-19 and the G20
    • Juergen Braunstein (Harvard University and Vienna University of Economics and Business)
    • Sachin Silva
  • G20 2020

    Fiscal sustainability and social cohesion in the face of demographic change
    • Yong Jun Baek
    • Chul Ju Kim
    • Sara Lechtenberg-Kasten (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center)
    • Cian Mulligan
    • Pitchaya Sirivunnabood (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
    • Karen Young
  • G20 2020

    Enabling youth to create jobs instead of searching for jobs: Labor market-friendly incubators
    • Abdullatif A. Almunifi
    • Saud Almutairi
  • G20 2020

    Properly adressing informality in the arab world: Nature, severity, and possible solutions
    • Abla Abdel-Latif
    • Ahmed Dawoud
  • G20 2020

    Assessing the wellbeing impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic and three policy types: Suppression, control, and uncontrolled spread
    • Matthew Adler
    • Richard Bradley
    • Maddalena Ferranna
    • Marc Fleurbaey (Paris School of Economics)
    • James Hammitt
    • Alex Voorhoeve
  • G20 2020

    “Smart” decentralization: Accountability and community development through urban self-governance
    • Faris Abuzeid
    • Charles R. Hankla
  • G20 2020

    Building global citizenship through global basic income and progressive global taxation
    • Fernando Filgueira (Faculty of Social Sciences, University of the Republic of Uruguay)
    • Marc Fleurbaey (Paris School of Economics)
    • Gianluca Grimalda (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
  • G20 2020

    Upscaling community-based early childhood programmes to counter inequality and foster social cohesion during global uncertainty
    • Alejandra Cardini (Centro de Implementacion de Politicas Publicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento (CIPPEC))
    • Mathias Urban (Dublin City University)
    • Rita Flórez Romero (Universidad Nacional de Colombia)
    • Jennifer Guevara (Centro de Implementacion de Politicas Publicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento (CIPPEC))
    • Lynette Okengo (African Early Childhood Network)
    • Dwi Priyono (South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization / Regional Centre for Early Childhood Care, Education and Parenting (SEAMEO CECCEP))
  • G20 2020

    Recoupling economic and social prosperity
    • Katharina Lima de Miranda (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
    • Dennis J. Snower (Global Solutions Initiative)
  • G20 2020

    Women in global care chains: The need to tackle intersecting inequalities in G20 countries
    • Florencia Caro Sachetti (Centro de Implementacion de Politicas Publicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento (CIPPEC))
    • Peter Abrahamson
    • Marija Babovic (University of Belgrade)
    • Asma Bahurmoz
    • Alejandro Biondi
    • Amm Quamruzzaman
    • Margo Thomas (Women’s Economic Imperative)
  • G20 2020

    Recoupling Economic and Social Progress
    • Katharina Lima de Miranda (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
    • Dennis J. Snower (Global Solutions Initiative)
  • G20 Japan

    Aging, Fiscal Sustainability and Adequacy of Social Security Systems
    • Rafal Chomik (Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR))
    • John Piggott (Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR))
    • Sophie Yan (Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research (CEPAR))
  • G20 Japan

    Aging Population and its Impacts on Fiscal Sustainability
    • Chul Ju Kim
    • Pitchaya Sirivunnabood (Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI))
    • Naoyuki Yoshino (Keio University)
  • G20 Japan

    Financial Literacy, Incentives, and Innovation to Deal with Population Aging
    • Charles Yuji Horioka (Asian Growth Research Institute)
    • Yoko Niimi (Asian Growth Research Institute)
  • G20 Japan

    Use Evidence-based Medicine to Raise the Productivity of Healthcare in Aging Populations
    • Michael Stolpe (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
  • G20 Japan

    Work Capacity and Socially Sustainable Public Pension System in Aging Societies
    • Junghyun Kwon (Korea Development Institute (KDI))
    • Taesuk Lee (Korea Development Institute (KDI))
    • Serena Rhee (Korea Development Institute (KDI))
  • G20 Japan

    Role of Innovative Policies in Incentivizing Women’s Participation in the Formal Workforce: A Response to Trends in Aging Population
    • Syed Munir Khasru (The Institute for Policy, Advocacy, and Governance (IPAG))
    • Avia Nahreen (The Institute for Policy, Advocacy, and Governance (IPAG))
    • Marzuka Ahmad Radia (The Institute for Policy, Advocacy, and Governance (IPAG))
  • G20 Japan

    Taxation in Aging Societies: Increasing the Effectiveness and Fairness of Pension Systems
    • Agustin Redonda (Council on Economic Policies)
    • Vincenzo Galasso
    • Mark Mazur (Tax Policy Center)
    • Miranda Stewart (University of Melbourne Law School)
    • Matthew Whittaker (Resolution Foundation)
  • G20 Japan

    Fostering Prosperity – Investment and Demographic Transition
    • Andreas Esche (BertelsmannStiftung)
    • Martina Lizarazo López (BertelsmannStiftung)
    • Thieß Petersen (BertelsmannStiftung)
  • G20 Japan

    Macroeconomic Impacts and Policies in Aging Societies
    • Sang-Hyop Lee (University of Hawaii at Manoa)
    • Andrew Mason (East-West Center)
  • G20 Japan

    The Urban-Rural Divide and Regionally Inclusive Growth in the Digital Age
    • Christian Kastrop (BertelsmannStiftung)
    • Dominic Ponattu (BertelsmannStiftung)
    • Julia Schmidt (BertelsmannStiftung)
    • Sylvia Schmidt (BertelsmannStiftung)
  • G20 Japan

    Bringing the Public’s Voice into Debates about the Future of Politics
    • Richard Wike (Pew Research Center)
  • The Socioeconomics of Pandemics Policy
    • Dennis J. Snower (Global Solutions Initiative)
  • Toward Global Paradigm Change: Beyond the Crisis of the Liberal World Order
    • Dennis J. Snower (Global Solutions Initiative)
  • Research Evaluation in Economic Theory and Policy: Identifying and Overcoming Institutional Dysfunctions
    • Thomas Ferguson (Institute for New Economic Thinking)
    • Robert Johnson (Institute for New Economic Thinking)
  • Global Solutions Journal G20/T20 Italy 2021 Edition

    The Global Solutions Journal G20/T20 Italy 2021 Edition focuses on Italy’s G20 priorities, overcoming the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, Digital Governance and New Measurement. 

    Authors from various sectors – politics, research, academia, business, and civil society – have contributed to this multifaceted edition. 

  • S20 Saudi Arabia Communique

    S20 Saudi Arabia 2020: Read the Communique here.

  • The fierce urgency of now: Toward a new multilateralism

    The fierce urgency of now: Kevin P. Gallagher and Richard Kozul-Wright describe the urgent need for a new multilateralism to tackle polarizing inequality, financial instability, and a breakdown of the climate system.

    Toward a new multilateralism, by Kevin P. Gallagher and Richard Kozul-Wright

  • A policy formula for well-being

    Today, the world faces a climate crisis, a natural resource crisis and a crisis of social fragmentation, in addition to various economic threats. Under these circumstances, the exclusive focus on economic goals is indefensible.The President of the Global Solutions Initiative, Dennis Snower, emphasizes the responsibility of the G20 in refocusing policy at all levels in alignment with human well-being as the ultimate goal.

    A policy formula for well-being; by Dennis Snower

  • World Social Science Report 2016: Inequalities and social progress in the future

    World inequalities have evolved in a complex way over the past few decades. The economic emergence of several developing countries with large populations has lowered global inequality, while the widening of inequalities within countries has served to increase it. The baseline scenario would see the world go back to a nineteenth-century pattern of large social inequalities. Less unequal scenarios could involve political intervention to reduce inequalities domestically, or quicker convergence between countries. In all scenarios, the convergence of living standards will raise serious environmental challenges.

    Inequalities and social progress in the future; by Marc Fleurbaey and Stephan Klasen

  • World Social Science Report 2016: The decline and recent uptick of income inequality in Latin America

    This contribution to the World Socal Science Report 2016 discusses the exogenous and policy factors behind the large decline in income inequality recorded in Latin America in the 2000s. In particular, it relates the adoption of progressive policies to the election of left-of-centre regimes in most of the region. Finally, it discusses whether such a policy model is sustainable in a world affected by sluggish growth, falling terms of trade, some domestic policy mistakes, and a possible vanishing of middle-class support for the policy model of the 2000s.

    The decline and recent uptick of income inequality in Latin America, 2002–13; by Giovanni Andrea Cornia

  • The Fading American Dream: Trends in Absolute Income Mobility since 1940

    In  this paper, the authors combine historical data in order to estimate rates of “absolute income mobility” – the fraction of children who earn more than their parents.  The results show that rates of absolute mobility have fallen sharply over the past half century; and that most of the decline in absolute mobility is driven by the more unequal distribution of economic growth in recent decades rather than the slowdown in GDP growth rates.

    The Fading American Dream: Trends in Absolute Income Mobility since 1940, by Raj Chetty, David Grusky, Maximilian Hell, Nathaniel Hendren, Robert Manduca and Jimmy Narang

  • Polarization of the British Class System

    Mike Savage discusses the results of the largest British class survey ever conducted. It shows that class divisions remain very powerful and are becoming more entrenched. There is a growing gulf between the elite and the lower classes, and what used to be termed the middle and working classes seem to be splintering into social classes with systematically differing amounts of cultural and social capital.

    The British class system is becoming more polarised between a prosperous elite and a poor ‘precariat’; by Mike Savage

  • Why Is Caring About Poverty and Not About Inequality Implausible?

    Branko Milanovic’s article is motivated by recent arguments made by Martin Feldstein in which the relevance of inequality is dismissed (if everybody’s income goes up, who cares if inequality is up too?), and the argument is made that only poverty alleviation should matter. This note shows that we all do care about inequality, and to hold that we should be concerned with poverty solely and not with inequality is internally inconsistent.

    Why We All Care About Inequality (But Are Loath to Admit It), by Branko Milanovic

  • Nostalgia and the Abandonment of Progress

    In this piece, Jean Pisani-Ferry discusses, what he calls, the abandonment of progress: many Western citizens have lost faith in progress: they no longer believe that the future will bring material improvement and that their children will have a better life than their own. They look backward because they are afraid to look ahead. A sentiment that is instrumentalized by current political leader across the globe.

    The Abandonment of Progress, by Jean Pisani-Ferry

     

  • The New Xenophobia

    Democratic governments in the West are increasingly losing their bearings. From the shift toward illiberalism in Poland and Hungary to the Brexit vote in the UK and Donald Trump’s victory in the US presidential election, a particularly toxic strain of populism is spreading through societies around the globe.

    The New Xenophobia; by Ngaire Woods

     

  • Poorer than their parents? A new perspective on income inequality

    The debate over rising inequality in advanced economies has focused on income and wealth gains going disproportionately to top earners. In this publication, researchers from the McKinsey Global Institute look at an aspect that has received less attention: households in developed economies whose incomes have not advanced when compared to their peers in the past.

    Poorer than their parents? Flat or falling incomes in advanced economies

     

  • The Brexit Mentality Goes Global

    The British vote to leave the European Union was the first major political victory of an anti-globalization backlash in an advanced industrial country. But the process is not best understood simply as popular revolt, but rather as elite failure, argues Harold James in his article on the so-called Brexit Mentality that is spreading.

    The Brexit Mentality Goes Global; by Harold James

  • Transparency, communication and trust : The role of public communication in responding to the wave of disinformation about the new Coronavirus

    The global spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been accompanied by a wave of disinformation that is undermining policy responses and amplifying distrust and concern among citizens. Around the world, governments are leveraging public communication to counteract disinformation and support policy. The efficacy of these actions will depend on grounding them in open government principles, chiefly transparency, to build trust in public institutions. This policy brief provides an overview of this new wave of disinformation and notes some emerging examples of OECD member countries’ responses to it through public communication initiatives specifically. It also offers preliminary guidelines on engaging with citizens during the crisis to help address this challenge.

    Read more.

  • Mitigating the work-security trade-off while rebooting the economy

    In getting people back to work before a vaccine is developed, policymakers will have to balance medical risks and economic risks. This column presents some calculations on the number of jobs that can be carried out without putting workers at risk of being infected by COVID-19. The findings suggest that the share of jobs that can be performed without putting workers’ health at risk is limited, and probably does not reach 50%. Importantly, this share is even lower in strategic industries that supply the health sector.

    Mitigating the work-security trade-off while rebooting the economy

    By Tito Boeri (INPS), Alessandro Caiumi (Bocconi University) and Marco Paccagnella (OECD)

  • The Military, Policing, and COVID-19

    Already today, the U.S. armed forces are providing important help here at home in the struggle against the novel coronavirus. Well over 10,000 members of the Army National Guard and Air Force National Guard have been mobilized to help with things like setting up more hospital capacity, transporting supplies, and providing other logistics. Other personnel, some retired, who have “Individual Ready Reserve” status are in some cases being activated when their particular skills in medicine or other crucial fields can help. They are typically doing so under what is called Title 32 of the U.S. code, whereby they are paid by the federal government but controlled by the governors of the individual states where they operate.

    The Military, Policing, and COVID-19

    By John R. Allen, John Donohue, Colonel Rick Fuentes, Paul Goldenberg, and Michael E. O’Hanlon (Brookings)

  • COVID-19: The Price of Negligence

    With the triumph of the ideology of “liberal globalization” and the rise of digital technology, the complexity of international relations burgeoned at the same time that borders became semi-porous walls. The strongest states, starting with the United States, and global companies that consider themselves to be above states, were the first beneficiaries, at least for a while. The characteristic of a complex system is that it is impossible to explain it completely, let alone control it. Complexity leads to radical uncertainty. In 2008 the spectre of another Great Depression loomed even though many Nobel Prize winners in economics considered their science to be advanced enough to preclude any return to such a scourge. Even as the damage of the financial crisis lingers, the COVID-19 pandemic reopens the prospect of a lasting economic catastrophe. Central bankers no longer put a limit on the amount of money but have no idea what their actions’ second or third consequences will be. As Laurence Boone, the OECD’s chief economist puts it, common sense suggests “we must do everything we can to ensure that the machine does not break down, but idles, so that it can start up again as quickly as possible.” If we let it break down, however many trillions of dollars are poured into it, that will be a different story.

    COVID-19: The Price of Negligence

    By Thierry de Montbrial (IFRI)

  • The COVID-19 Pandemic: Government vs. Community Action Across the United States

    Using data from 40 million mobile devices across the US, this paper analyses how state and county governments’ non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) aimed at restricting social contact interact with individuals’ physical distancing behavior in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We use difference-in-differences and instrumental-variable approaches to find that such NPIs lead to a significant uptake in physical distancing. Our estimates show that shelter-in-place policies can increase time spent at home by as much as 39%. Nevertheless, individuals engage in limited physical distancing even in the absence of NPIs, once the virus takes hold in their area. Moreover, we show that governments are more likely to implement lock-down policies if they face a population that does not take physical distancing measures on its own. Our analysis suggests that non-causal econometric approaches studying how the uptake in physical distancing responds to lock-down policies will yield biased results. Exploiting county-level data, we document significant socio-economic heterogeneity in individuals’ responses to the spread of COVID-19 and to lock-downs, and show how state- and county-level policies interact.

    The COVID-19 Pandemic: Government vs. Community Action Across the United States

    By Adam Brzezinski, Guido Deiana, Valentin Kecht and David Van Dijcke (University of Oxford – The Institute for New Economic Thinking)

  • Germany needs to lead push for European solidarity in crisis

    Hertie School President Henrik Enderlein argues that Europe needs a strong signal of European solidarity in the face of the coronavirus pandemic, but Germany in particular fails to recognise the historic proportions of this undertaking. It has reduced itself to the role of the model student who cannot help but lecture others along the way.

    Germany needs to lead push for European solidarity in crisis

    By Hendrik Enderlein (Hertie School)

In The Spotlight

Mainstreaming sustainability and global cooperation will need reforms on the global financial system

Mainstreaming Sustainability and Global Cooperation will Need Reforms on the Global Financial System JAKARTA, 21 FEBRUARY 2022. G20 has always been a forum that recognizes the importance of collective action and inclusive collaboration among major developed and emerging economies worldwide. Inclusive collaboration […]


G20 needs to provide inclusive energy system to accelerate global energy transition

G20 Needs to Provide Inclusive Energy System to Accelerate Global Energy Transition JAKARTA, 21 FEBRUARY 2022. G20 member countries accounted for about 75% of global energy demand. Therefore, the G20 countries have a big responsibility and strategic role in encouraging the use […]


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