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Open Trade and Sustainable Investment

Policy Area
Open Trade and Sustainable Investment

POLICY BRIEFS

Policy Briefs contain recommendations or visions and cover policy areas that are of interest to G20 policymakers. The majority of the Policy Briefs has been developed by a corresponding Think20 Task Force.

T20 Recommendations Reports tie related policy proposals made under different G20 Presidencies into a common policy advice framework. They aim to leverage connections between T20 research organizations as well as other stakeholders to address well-defined global problems, in order to support G20 policymakers and to aid business and civil society organizations in complementing G20 policy efforts.

  • Recommendations (66)
  • Visions (1)
  • General Literature (9)
  • COVID-19-related Literature (13)
  • G20 2022

    Resilient Global Supply-chain Creation Among G20 Countries
    • Nahry (Transport Research Group)
    • Zaroni (Supply Chain Indonesia)
    • M. Sait Akman (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV))
    • Danny Hermawan Adiwibowo (Bank Indonesia Institute)
    • Ibrahim Kholilul Rohman (Indonesia Financial Group and SKSG-Universitas Indonesia)
    • As‘ad Mahdi (Samudera Indonesia Research Initiatives)
    • Afif Narawangsa Luviyanto (Indonesia Finance Group)
    • Aji Putera Tanumihardja (Samudera Indonesia Research Initiatives)
    • Erwin Raza (Logistics and Supply Chain Agency)
    • Rizky Rizaldi Ronaldo (Indonesia Financial Group Progress)
    • Nada Serpina (Indonesia Finance Group)
    • Sutanto Soehodho (Transport Research Group)
    • Reza Yamora Siregar (Indonesia Financial Group)
  • G20 2022

    What Is Climate FDI? How Can We Help Grow It?
    • Matthew Stephenson (World Economic Forum)
    • James Zhan (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Geneva (Switzerland))
  • G20 2022

    Global Value Chain Inclusivity And Digital Entrepreneurship
    • Erkko Autio (Imperial College London)
    • Yoshua Caesar Justinus (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia/LPEM FEB UI)
    • Mohamad D. Revindo (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia/LPEM FEB UI)
    • Yothin Jinjarak (Asian Development Bank)
    • Eva Komlosi (Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Pécs)
    • Donghyun Park (Asian Development Bank)
    • Cynthia Petalcorin (Asian Development Bank)
    • Dandy Rafitrandi (Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS))
    • Willem Smit (Asia School of Business)
    • László Szerb (Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Pécs)
    • Shu Tian (Asian Development Bank)
    • Monika Tiszberger (Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Pécs)
  • G20 2022

    Greening Global Trade: Enhanced Synergies Between Climate And Trade Policies For Decarbonization
    • Giulia Cretti (Clingendael Institute)
    • Chandni Dawani (Research and Information System for Developing Countries)
    • Pankhuri Gaur (Research and Information System for Developing Countries)
    • S. K. Mohanty (Research and Information System for Developing Countries)
    • Pierfrancesco Mattiolo (Scuola di Politiche)
    • Paolo Mazzotti (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)
    • Rizki N. Siregar (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU))
    • Novia Xu (Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS))
  • G20 2022

    Roundabout Way To Multilateralism: How Could Regional Trade Agreements (rtas) And Plurilaterals Revitalise It?
    • Peter Draper (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • M. Sait Akman (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV))
    • Axel Berger (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Fabrizio Botti (Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI))
    • Chiara Criscuolo (Science Technology and Innovation Directorate, OECD)
    • Guy Lalanne (Science Technology and Innovation Directorate, OECD)
    • Lelio Lapadre (Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics, University of L’aquila)
    • Stormy-Annika Mildner (Aspen Institute Germany)
    • Claudia Schmucker (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e.V.)
    • Cyrille Schwellnus (Science Technology and Innovation Directorate, OECD)
    • Lucia Tajoli (Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI))
    • Davide Tentori (Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI))
    • Claudia Trentini (Division on Investment and Enterprise)
    • Amelia U. Santos-Paulino (Division on Investment and Enterprise)
  • G20 2022

    Digital Industrialization: Building Internationally Competitive Digital Industries With Global Value Chain Connectivity
    • Rupa Chanda (Indian Institute of Management)
    • Yose Rizal Damuri (CSIS)
    • Jane Drake-Brockman (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås (Örebro University)
    • Neha Mishra (The GraduateInstitute)
    • Dionisius Narjoko (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia)
    • Matthew Stephenson (World Economic Forum)
    • Makoto Yokazawa (Centre for International Economic Cooperation)
  • G20 2022

    G20 Collaboration For Smooth Transition To 4IR In Developing Countries
    • AndreyFilippov (Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution)
    • Priyadarshi Dash (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Sukhmani Kaur (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Siddhi Sharma (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
  • G20 2022

    An Inclusive Evaluation Framework For Sustainable Investment
    • Shunsuke Managi (Urban Institute)
    • Alexander Ryota Keeley (Urban Institute)
    • Shutaro Takeda (Urban Institute)
  • G20 2022

    Towards A More Open, Fairer And Greener Trade: Reducing Barriers, Mainstreaming Green Agenda
    • Lukasz Ambroziak (Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics)
    • Sung Jin Kang (Korea University)
    • Donghyun Park (Asian Development Bank)
    • Jan Strzelecki (Polish Economic Institute)
    • Shu Tian (Asian Development Bank)
    • Marek Wasinski (Polish Economic Institute)
    • Damian Wnukowski (Polish Institute of International Affairs)
  • G20 2022

    Disciplining Rules Of Origin At The Multilateral Level Towards Open And Inclusive Global Value Chains
    • Pramila Adeline Crivelli (Asian Development Bank)
    • Stefano Inama (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Geneva (Switzerland))
  • G20 2022

    Exploration Of New Methodologies And Configurations For An Effective Wto And To Strengthen The Multilateral Trading System
    • Stellenbosch
    • Yoshua Caesar Justinus (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia/LPEM FEB UI)
    • Mohamad D. Revindo (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia/LPEM FEB UI)
    • Yudhi Dharma Nauly (Indonesian Customs and Excise Training Center)
    • Andreas Freytag
    • Rajeev Kher (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Dandy Rafitrandi (Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS))
    • Arun S.Nair
  • G20 2021

    Investment screening: protectionism and industrial policy? Or justified policy tool to protect national security?
    • Stormy-Annika Mildner (Aspen Institute Germany)
    • Claudia Schmucker (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e.V.)
  • G20 2021

    Agricultural trade in a post-pandemic world
    • Priyadarshi Dash (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Ilaria Espa (Università della Svizzera Italiana)
    • Facundo Gonzalez Sembla (Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI))
    • Christian Häberli (World Trade Institute (WTI), University of Berne)
    • Shreya Kansal (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Olayinka Idowu Kareem (University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart (Germany))
  • G20 2021

    Multilateral coordination and exchange for sustainable global value chains
    • Jann Lay (GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies)
    • Holger Görg (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
    • Stefan Pahl (GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies)
    • Adnan Serič (United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO))
    • Frauke Steglich (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
    • Liubov Yaroshenko (En Plus)
  • G20 2021

    Leveraging global digital trade opportunities for all
    • Bernard Hoekman (European University Institute)
    • Keith Maskus (University of Colorado)
    • Matthew Stephenson (World Economic Forum)
    • Lucia Tajoli (Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI))
    • Davide Tentori (Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI))
  • G20 2021

    Facilitating sustainable investment to build back better
    • Karl P. Sauvant (Columbia University)
    • Axel Berger (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Manjiao Chi (University of International Business and Economics, Beijing)
    • Bernard Hoekman (European University Institute)
    • Makane Moïse Mbengue (Department of Public International Law and International Organization, Faculty of Law, University of Geneva)
    • Matthew Stephenson (World Economic Forum)
  • G20 2021

    Domestic distortions through industrial subsidies: Reframing the G20’s potential perspective
    • Andreas Freytag (Friedrich Schiller University Jena)
    • Miriam Kautz (Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena)
    • Peter Draper (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • Henry Gao (Singapore Management University)
    • Naoise McDonagh (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • Matthias Menter (Friedrich Schiller University Jena)
    • Xinquan Tu (University of International Business and Economics (UIBE))
  • G20 2021

    Leveraging digital FDI for capacity and competitiveness: How to be smart
    • Lorraine Eden (Texas A&M University)
    • Michael Kende (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)
    • Fukunari Kimura (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA))
    • Karl P. Sauvant (Columbia University)
    • Niraja Srinivasan (NERA Consulting)
    • Matthew Stephenson (World Economic Forum)
    • Lucia Tajoli (Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI))
    • James Zhan (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Geneva (Switzerland))
  • G20 2021

    MSMES’ access to global value chains and trade finance
    • Jennifer Castaneda-Navarrete (University of Cambridge)
    • Rajeev Kher (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Carlos López-Gómez (University of Cambridge)
    • Saon Ray (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations)
    • Arun. S. Nair (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Adnan Serič (United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO))
    • Yee-Siong Tong (University of Cambridge)
    • Ligia Zagato (United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO))
  • G20 2021

    Boosting G20 cooperation for WTO reform: Leveraging the full potential of plurilateral initiatives
    • Andreas Freytag (Friedrich Schiller University Jena)
    • Peter Draper (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • Axel Berger (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Fabrizio Botti (Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI))
    • Mehmet Sait Akman (G20 Studies Centre, The Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV))
    • Claudia Schmucker (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e.V.)
  • G20 2021

    Confronting “Deglobalization” in the multilateral trading system
    • Carlos A. Primo (Fundação Dom Cabral)
    • Bozkurt Aran (Center for Multilateral Trade Studies, The Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV))
    • Leonardo Borlini (Bocconi University)
    • Uri Dadush (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Fernando De Mateo (El Colegio de Mexico)
    • Alejandro Jara (Institute of International Studies of Universidad de Chile)
    • Douglas Lippoldt (Centre for International Governance Innovation)
    • Giorgio Sacerdoti (Bocconi University)
    • Mehmet Sait Akman (G20 Studies Centre, The Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV))
  • G20 2021

    Trade and development in the WTO: Toward a constructive approach to the issue of development status and special and differential treatment
    • Carlos Frederico Coelho (BRICS Policy Center)
    • Lin Guijun (University of International Business and Economics (UIBE))
    • Tatiana Prazeres (University of International Business and Economics (UIBE))
    • Xinquan Tu (University of International Business and Economics (UIBE))
    • Tim Yeend (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
  • G20 2021

    Restructuring the WTO Regulatory Framework on industrial subsidies: Sustainability, free trade and prosperity
    • Filippo Bizzotto (Scuola di Politiche)
    • Vasilis Livieratos (Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB))
    • Pierfrancesco Mattiolo (Scuola di Politiche)
    • Paolo Mazzotti (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)
    • Gianmatteo Sabatino (Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)
  • G20 2021

    Digital trade: Top trade negotiation priorities for cross-border data flows and online trade in services
    • Jane Drake-Brockman (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • Gabriel Gari (Queen Mary University of London)
    • Stuart Harbinson (Asia Global Institute, Hong Kong University)
    • Bernard Hoekman (European University Institute)
    • Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås (Örebro University)
    • Sherry Stephenson (Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC))
  • G20 2020

    Global food and water security, trade, and market stability
    • Martin Piñeiro (Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI))
    • Valeria Piñeiro (International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI))
    • Pablo Elverdin (Grupo de Paises Productores del Sur (GPS))
    • Estefania Puricelli (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO))
    • Marcelo Regúnaga
    • Federico Villarreal (Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA))
  • G20 2020

    Africa’s diversification and its trade policy transformation
    • Rim Ben Ayed Mouelhi (Euro Mediterranean Network for Economic Studies (EMNES))
    • Axel Berger (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Clara Brandi (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Uri Dadush (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Fatima Olanike Kareem
    • Olayinka Idowu Kareem (University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart (Germany))
    • David Luke
    • Simon Mevel
    • Njuguna Ndung'u (African Economic Research Consortium (AERC))
    • Abebe Shimeles (African Economic Research Consortium (AERC))
    • Frederik Stender
    • Wilson Wasike (African Economic Research Consortium (AERC))
  • G20 2020

    Economic diversification in the mena region
    • Hatem Akeel
    • Said A. Alshaikh
    • Jamal Alzayer
    • Abdulelah Darandary
    • Imed Drine
    • Farah Durani
    • David Havrlant
    • Salah Abu Nar
    • Amer Al Roubaie
    • Mohsen Tavakol
    • Ayman Zebran
  • G20 2020

    Diversification and the world trading system
    • Muhammad Bhatti
    • Abdelaaziz Ait Ali
    • Carlos Braga
    • Uri Dadush (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Abdulelah Darandary
    • Mohammed Al Doghan
    • Anabel Gonzalez (The Peterson Institute for International Economics)
    • Niclas Poitiers
  • G20 2020

    Reforming investor-state dispute settlement and promotion of trade and investment cooperation
    • Faisal Alfadhel
    • Anton Asoskov
    • Crina Baltag
    • Roberto Castro de Figueiredo
    • James Claxton
    • Kabir Duggal
    • Mark Feldman
    • Loukas Mistelis
    • Sergio Puig
    • Giammarco Rao
    • Wenhua Shan
    • Attila Tanzi
  • G20 2020

    How the G20 can advance sustainable and digital investment
    • Karl P. Sauvant (Columbia University)
    • Mohammed Faiz Shaul Hamid
    • Augustine Peter (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Adnan Serič (United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO))
    • Matthew Stephenson (World Economic Forum)
    • Lucia Tajoli (Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI))
  • G20 2020

    Trade implications of tax expenditures
    • Agustin Redonda (Council on Economic Policies)
    • Facundo Calvo
    • Gilles Carbonnier
    • Robert Koopman
    • Rahul Mehrotra
    • Irma Mosquera Valderrama
  • G20 2020

    Impact of digital technologies and the fourth industrial revolution on trade in services
    • Tu Xinquan (University of International Business and Economics, Beijing)
    • Ingo Borchert
    • Nigel Cory
    • Yose Rizal Damuri
    • Jane Drake-Brockman (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • Ziyang Fan
    • Christopher Findlay (Australian Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation (AusPECC))
    • Fukunari Kimura (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA))
    • Hildegunn Kyvik-Nordås
    • Magnus Lodefalk
    • Shin-Yi Peng
    • Hein Roelfsema
    • Sherry Stephenson (Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC))
    • Mustafa Yagci
    • Erik van der Marel
  • G20 2020

    Industrial subsidies as a major policy response since the global financial crises: Consequences and remedies
    • Andreas Freytag (Friedrich Schiller University Jena)
    • Peter Draper (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • Simon Evenett (University of St. Gallen)
    • Henry Gao (Singapore Management University)
    • Naoise McDonagh (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
  • G20 2020

    Improving key functions of the world trade organization: Fostering open plurilaterals, regime management, and decision-making
    • Axel Berger (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Clara Brandi (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Manfred Elsig
    • Anwarul Hoda
    • Xinquan Tu (University of International Business and Economics (UIBE))
  • G20 2020

    The need for WTO reform: Where to start in governing world trade?
    • Andreas Freytag (Friedrich Schiller University Jena)
    • Peter Draper (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • M. Sait Akman (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV))
    • Axel Berger (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Fabrizzio Botti (T20 Italy)
    • Pier Carlo Padoan (T20 Italy)
    • Claudia Schmucker (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e.V.)
  • G20 2020

    Checking the Chain: Achieving Sustainable and Traceable Global Supply Chains Through Coordinated G20 Action
    • Adina Spertus-Melhus (Hertie School)
    • Linn von Engelbrechten (Hertie School)
  • G20 2020

    Global Trade Cooperation after COVID-19: Can the G20 Contain Disintegration?
    • Peter Draper (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
  • G20 Japan

    Promoting Support for Start-ups
    • Massimo Colombo
    • Luca Grilli
    • Yuji Honjo
    • Ing-Kuen Lai
    • Erik Stam (Utrecht University School of Economics (U.S.E.))
  • G20 Japan

    Promoting SME R&D and Innovation
    • Massimo Colombo
    • Junichi Nishimura
    • Hiroyuki Okamuro (Hitotsubashi University)
    • Erik Stam (Utrecht University School of Economics (U.S.E.))
  • G20 Japan

    Towards G20 Guiding Principles on Investment Facilitation for Sustainable Development
    • Karl P. Sauvant (Columbia University)
    • Axel Berger (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Ahmad Ghouri (Turku Institute for Advanced Studies)
    • Tomoko Ishikawa (Nagoya University)
    • Matthew Stephenson (World Economic Forum)
  • G20 Japan

    Expanding and Restructuring Global Value Chains for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
    • M. Sait Akman (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV))
    • Takashi Hattori (Kyoto University)
    • Sabyasachi Saha (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Yasuyuki Todo (Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI))
    • Natalya Volchkova (New Economic School)
  • G20 Japan

    Services Trade for Sustainable, Balanced, and Inclusive Growth
    • Carlos Primo Braga (Evian Group, IMD)
    • Johannes Schwarzer (Council on Economic Policies)
    • Jane Drake-Brockman (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • Bernard Hoekman (European University Institute)
    • J. Bradford Jensen (The Peterson Institute for International Economics)
    • Patrick Low (Asia Global Institute)
    • Hamid Mamdouh (King & Spalding)
    • Pierre Sauvé (The World Bank)
    • Sherry Stephenson (Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC))
  • G20 Japan

    Reforming the WTO AB: Short-term and Mid-term Options for DSU Reform, and Alternative Approaches in a Worst Case Scenario
    • Peter Draper (Institute for International Trade, University of Adelaide)
    • Manjiao Chi (University of International Business and Economics, Beijing)
    • Carlos Coelho (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro / BRICS Policy Center)
    • Hugo Perezcano Diaz (Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI))
    • Christopher Findlay (Australian Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation (AusPECC))
    • Tsuyoshi Kawase (Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI))
    • Junji Nakagawa (University of Tokyo)
    • Keith William Cameron Wilson (University of Adelaide)
  • G20 Japan

    Reinvigorating the WTO as a Negotiating Forum
    • Andreas Freytag (Friedrich Schiller University Jena)
    • Eduardo Bianchi (Escuela Argentina de Negocios – Instituto Universitario)
    • Axel Berger (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Manjiao Chi (University of International Business and Economics, Beijing)
    • Uri Dadush (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Jean Dong (Australia-China Belt & Road Initiative (ACBRI))
    • Gabriel Felbermayr (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
    • Anabel Gonzalez (The Peterson Institute for International Economics)
    • Bernard Hoekman (European University Institute)
    • David Laborde Debucquet (International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI))
    • Junji Nakagawa (University of Tokyo)
    • Sandra Rios (Centro de Estudos de Integração e Desenvolvimento (CINDES))
    • Sabyasachi Saha (Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS))
    • Claudia Schmucker (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e.V.)
    • Akihiko Tamura (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Japan)
    • Mark Wu (Harvard Law School)
  • G20 Japan

    The Crisis in World Trade
    • Carlos Primo Braga (Evian Group, IMD)
    • Peter Rashish (AICGS – Johns Hopkins University)
    • M. Sait Akman (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV))
    • Shiro Armstrong
    • Uri Dadush (Policy Center for the New South)
    • Anabel Gonzalez (The Peterson Institute for International Economics)
    • Fukunari Kimura (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA))
    • Junji Nakagawa (University of Tokyo)
    • Akihiko Tamura (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Japan)
  • G20 Japan

    Linking Smallholder Production with Value-Added Food Markets
    • Belay Begashaw (SDG Center for Africa)
    • Daniele Fattibene (International Affairs Institute – IAI, Italy)
    • Gert-Jan Verburg (SDG Center for Africa)
    • Futoshi Yamauchi (International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI))
    • Fujita Yasuo (Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA))
  • T20 Co-Chair Brief

    G20 Argentina

    Mend It, Don’t End It: The case for upgrading the G20’s pledge on protectionism
    • Aki Tamura (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Japan)
    • Carlos Primo Braga (Evian Group, IMD)
    • Eduardo Bianchi (Escuela Argentina de Negocios – Instituto Universitario)
    • Galina Kolev (Cologne Institute for Economic Research (IW))
    • Johannes Schwarzer (Council on Economic Policies)
    • Jurgen Matthes (Cologne Institute for Economic Research (IW))
    • Kamala Dawar (University of Sussex)
    • Marcela Cristini (Foundation for Latin American Economic Research (FIEL))
    • Matthias Helble
    • Tu Xinquan (University of International Business and Economics, Beijing)
    • M. Sait Akman (Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV))
    • Axel Berger (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Simon Evenett (University of St. Gallen)
    • Maximiliano Mendez-Parra (Overseas Development Institute (ODI))
    • Claudia Schmucker (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e.V.)
  • T20 Co-Chair Brief

    G20 Argentina

    New Industrial Revolution: Upgrading Trade and Investment Frameworks for Digitalization
    • Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz (Center for China and Globalization (CCG))
  • T20 Co-Chair Brief

    G20 Argentina

    Mobilizing Private Investment and the Compact with Africa: A Preliminary Assessment and Steps Ahead
    • Brahima Coulibaly (The Brookings Institution)
    • Jing Gu (Centre for Rising Powers and Global Development, CRPD, at the Institute of Development Studies)
    • Rob Floyd (The African Center for Economic Transformation)
    • Jann Lay (GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies)
    • Rainer Thiele (Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW))
  • T20 Co-Chair Brief

    G20 Argentina

    Tax Transparency and Exchange of Information (EOI): Priorities for Africa
    • Christian von Haldenwang (German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE))
    • Gamal Ibrahim (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa)
    • William Davis (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa)
    • Nara Monkam (African Tax Administration Forum)
  • Policy Direction for the G20 in 2017 – the challenges of continued globalization: how to support open and inclusive trade and resolve conflicts in the trade-climate change nexus
    • Alan Alexandroff (Munk School of Global Affairs)
    • Colin Bradford
    • Yves Tiberghien (The University of British Columbia)
  • Global Solutions Journal G20/T20 Italy 2021 Edition

    The Global Solutions Journal G20/T20 Italy 2021 Edition focuses on Italy’s G20 priorities, overcoming the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, Digital Governance and New Measurement. 

    Authors from various sectors – politics, research, academia, business, and civil society – have contributed to this multifaceted edition. 

  • S20 Saudi Arabia Communique

    S20 Saudi Arabia 2020: Read the Communique here.

  • On Xi-Trump meeting: Why the Trump-Xi Pact Won’t End Trade Tension

    Paul Blustein of the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) recognizes that a crisis has been averted at the G20 summit in Osaka; however, it remains crucial to keep a sense of perspective about what was — and was not — accomplished in Osaka.

    Why the Trump-Xi Pact at the G20 Summit in Osaka won’t end trade tension

  • Before the summit: A New Tax Regime for Big Tech

    Kevin Carmichael, senior fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), shares his perspective on G20 efforts to establish a new tax regime for big tech companies. Such a regime could represent one of the biggest tax revolutions in recent memory.

    The G20 efforts to establish new tax regime for big tech

  • Trade at the G-20 Osaka Summit: Jaw, jaw beats war, war

    G20 leaders are due to discuss options to revive the moribund World Trade Organization (WTO) at this weekend’s Osaka Summit. Simon J. Evenett and Johannes Fritz discuss that since the last WTO Ministerial Conference in December 2017, trade officials have struggled to take forward several unrelated and incremental initiatives. There seems no apparent organizing logic, nor any systemic perspective. And even worse, the China-U.S. trade war has, according to the authors, absorbed bandwidth that could have been usefully deployed elsewhere.

    The call for WTO reforms, by Simon J. Evenett and Johannes Fritz 

  • G20 Japan: Programme of Work to Develop a Consensus Solution to the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy

    The digital transformation spurs innovation, generates efficiencies, and improves services while boosting more inclusive and sustainable growth and enhancing well-being. At the same time, the breadth and speed of this change introduce challenges in many policy areas, including taxation.

    Programme of Work to Develop a Consensus Solution to the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy

  • G20 and the Sustainable Development Goals

    This article discusses the issue of debt governance within the context of sustainable development and economic growth in the face of the G20 countries. The authors claim that current banking regulation innovations are not sufficient in terms of securing financial security and inclusiveness and assess the challenge to global financial security and sustainable growth posed by increasing governmental debt of the worldwide leading economies.

    Debt Governance and Sustainable Development Goals, by Vladimir Zuev, Elena Ostrovskaya, Ekaterina Frolova

  • International Trade Agreements and the Future of U.S. Economy

    In this column, Chad Bown claims that it is a risky game to question the significance of international trade agreements as put forward by the Trump Administration as well as leaders from the Democratic Party. He elaborates on how trade agreements do work in favor of protecting the U.S. economy, American workers and consumers and how they are essential in terms of avoiding the same policy mistakes that led to the crisis of the 1930s.

    Column: The truth about trade agreements – and why we need them

  • Tax evasion and its link to social environment

    Since the global financial crisis, many governments around the world have initiated policies against tax evasion and harmful tax avoidance. This article points out the deficiencies of poorly-designed tax schemes based on a dataset of employee reports within the Austrian commuter allowance scheme. The results show that there is a high level of misreporting, which, according to the authors, is systematically influenced by a  taxpayer’s social environment and carries the potential of spillover effects on other groups of society.

    Tax evasion and the social environment, by Jörg Paetzold and Hannes Winner

  • Investment screening in times of COVID-19–and beyond

    The economic upheaval resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has led many governments to enhance their foreign investment screening mechanisms or introduce new ones – in the midst of an already steep drop of global FDI flows. Investment screening was already enjoying a heyday before the COVID-19 crisis – the pandemic is accelerating, rather than triggering this trend. The accumulation of the two waves of new measures may bring about transformational change to investment screening policy practice and to the way governments and societies view the benefits and risks associated with foreign investment.

    Read more.

  • Rescuing the labour market in times of COVID-19: Don’t forget new hires!

    The spread of COVID-19 and the ensuing drastic lockdowns are placing economies and labour markets worldwide in a state of emergency. Governments are struggling to safeguard jobs and firms. Short-time work and comprehensive liquidity support for businesses and the self-employed are some measures being used. This column illustrates the consequences of a substantial hiring stall on unemployment and proposes hiring subsidies – directly reduce firms’ costs and thereby stimulate hiring – as a cost-effective stimulus measure for European countries to reduce the risk of unemployment hysteresis effects.

    Rescuing the labour market in times of COVID-19: Don’t forget new hires!

    By Christian Merkl (University of Erlangen-Nuremberg) and Enzo Weber (University of Regensburg)

     

  • COVID, remobilisation and the ‘stringency possibility corridor’: Creating wealth while protecting health

    The world is at war with COVID-19; containment policies are a key weapon. But this in not ‘total war’ where trade-offs can be waved off; governments must perform balancing acts. This column argues that instead of thinking of containment stringency as balancing dollars versus deaths, we should think of it as a balancing infections versus tolerability. Containment policies must stay in the ‘corridor’ where they are stringent enough to avoid overwhelming hospitals, but lax enough to avoid overwhelming citizens’ tolerance levels. Solving the dilemma will require an increase in production and a relaxation of constraints – in short, it will involve a partial remobilisation of the workforce. The mission-critical task facing us is to develop a strategy for remobilising workers without risking a medical overload.

    COVID, remobilisation and the ‘stringency possibility corridor’: Creating wealth while protecting health

    By Richard Baldwin (Graduate Institute Geneva)

  • The supply side matters: Guns versus butter, COVID-style

    “Go big. Act fast. Keep the lights on” is good advice for governments trying to flatten the epidemiological and recession curves simultaneously. This column argues that the combination of containment policies that dampen production and stimulus policies that maintain spending will generate supply-side problems. Cost-push inflation may return, political pressures for price controls and rationing may be irresistible, and governments may find themselves engaged in thinking about production and logistics of the type not undertaken since the 1940s.

    The supply side matters: Guns versus butter, COVID-style

    By Richard Baldwin (Graduate Institute Geneva)

  • The labour market policy response to COVID-19 must save aggregate matching capital

    The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented shock to labour markets. This column argues that the policy response should balance two objectives: (1) facilitating prompt reallocation of employment to essential activities during the emergency, and (2) maintaining workers’ attachment to their previous employers, preserving the aggregate stock of firm-specific human capital, and avoiding persistent mismatch, which would propagate the temporary shock into a prolonged stagnation. The authors make concrete labour market policy proposals and compare them with measures currently being implemented on both sides of the Atlantic.

    The labour market policy response to COVID-19 must save aggregate matching capital

    By Shigeru Fujita (Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia), Giuseppe Moscarini (Yale University), Fabien Postel-Vinay (University College London)

  • Supply chain contagion waves: Thinking ahead on manufacturing ‘contagion and reinfection’ from the COVID concussion

    COVID-19 containment policies first shuttered factories in China. Since manufacturers around the world rely on Chinese inputs, Chinese industrial disruption hit other nations via ‘supply-chain contagion’. As China gears back up having mastered the first epidemic wave, the explosions of cases in the two other manufacturing giants, Germany and America, are likely to create reverse supply-chain contagion – the industrial equivalent of reinfection. International coordination may reduce the chances that multiple waves of supply-chain contagion hobble global manufacturing until a vaccine is developed.

    Supply chain contagion waves: Thinking ahead on manufacturing ‘contagion and reinfection’ from the COVID concussion

    By Richard Baldwin (Graduate Institute Geneva)

  • Africa after COVID-19 and the retreat of globalism

    COVID-19 has brought the world economy to a standstill. It has thrown into stark relief the weaknesses in global institutions and international cooperation and revealed the dark underbelly of globalisation’s promise. Its timing is ‘auspicious’, with a self-centred hegemon, a rising rival great power, a supranational post-modern arrangement that has been buffeted over the last decade by economic and social crises, and a growing attraction by many strong men (they tend to be men) to chauvinistic nationalism. On the other side of the coin, ‘woke’ citizens are mobilising social movements against discrimination (race, gender, poverty and inequality) and against the feeble response of political elites to the realities of climate change. Could this be the perfect storm?

    Africa after COVID-19 and the retreat of globalism

    By Elizabeth Sidiropoulos (SAIIA)

  • Coronavirus and African Economies: Are Dominoes Starting to Fall?

    Only” 3,778 cases of COVID-19 were recorded in sub-Saharan Africa as of 1 April, according to the WHO. Whether the global pandemic is reaching the continent later or there are reporting challenges, it seems safe to assume that that these numbers will unfortunately rise.

    Just like elsewhere in the world, COVID-19 puts Africa in a trying situation. It has the potential to quickly become a human tragedy, given weaker health systems. It is also turning into a deep economic crisis, with countries battling the fallout from the global recession and using their limited fiscal space to meet health needs, support their productive systems and protect jobs, amid high poverty rates and lack of safety nets.

    Coronavirus and African Economies: Are Dominoes Starting to Fall?

    By Giulia Pellegrini (ISPI)

  • How Covid-19 Could be Like the Global Financial Crisis (or worse)

    How can social scientists help political leaders to design policy responses and mitigation strategies for the COVID-19 economic crisis? To find out read Richard Baldwin´s edited e-book –free to download – in which a range of high-level economists proposes viable solutions. The book includes a piece by our coordinating lead author Nora Lustig, Samuel Z. Stone Professor of Latin American Economics and Director of the Commitment to Equity Institute (CEQ) at Tulane University. This e-book also includes pieces by Paul Krugman, Jason Furman (Obama’s former chief economist) and Olivier Blanchard among many others.

    How Covid-19 Could be Like the Global Financial Crisis (or worse)

    By Nora Lustig and Jorge Mariscal (IPSP)

  • The coronavirus pandemic and US consumption

    The coronavirus pandemic has triggered unprecedented shocks to both supply and demand, raising important questions about the impact on US consumer spending. In the US, consumption comprised as much as 70% of GDP in 2019. Typically, consumption is less volatile than income. But as this column argues, it is now likely to fall even more than household income. One reason is that part of the negative shock originates in disruption to consumption itself. Another comes from the jump in income insecurity as reflected in an unprecedented rise in the unemployment rate. Other reasons include the fall in asset prices and a sharp contraction in credit availability. A plausible scenario from the analysis suggests that US real consumer spending in the second quarter of 2020 could fall by around 20%, if household labour income falls by 16%.

    The coronavirus pandemic and US consumption

    By John Muellbauer (VoxEU)

  • Coronavirus: economic threat, political response and implications

    This paper analyses the impact of the coronavirus. It explains why we are facing radical uncertainty that makes it impossible to anticipate the impact of the pandemic, outlines economic policy options to address the crisis and identifies potential lessons to be learned.

    Coronavirus: economic threat, political response and implications

    By Federico Steinberg (Elcano Royal Institute)

  • What Can We Do to Manage the Economic Consequences of COVID-19?

    A century after the 1918-1920 Spanish flu, we are facing a similar global outbreak. On the one hand, the battle against the disease continues, on the other hand, we are in a situation which requires us to measure the economic impacts and put forward precautionary steps for liberalizing the decision-making process.

    Currently, in order to curb the spread and take time saving measures for those managing the process, “social distancing” has been suggested by the authorities as a precaution; consequently, slowing the rate of COVID-19 while a vaccine to control the outbreak can be found. In terms of health, this is the only measure that we have now. Correspondingly, this measure also causes negative economic consequences.

    Due to the implementation of social distancing, some workplaces, especially those in the service sector, are closing. Employees have already or are now faced with the risk of losing their jobs. A spontaneous decline in demand is found in hotels, restaurants, public transportation, and civil aviation amongst numerous other portions of the service sector. Likewise, it is clear that there is a high risk of failing to meet mutual obligation in value chains. This is the first point.

    What Can We Do to Manage the Economic Consequences of COVID-19?

    By Fatih Özatay, Güven Sak (TEPAV)

  • How COVID-19 will change the nation’s long-term economic trends

    Will the coronavirus change everything? While that sentiment feels true to the enormity of the crisis, it likely isn’t quite right, as scholars from the Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program have been exploring since the pandemic began. Instead, the COVID-19 crisis seems poised to accelerate or intensify many economic and metropolitan trends that were already underway, with huge implications of their own. Below, scholars weigh in on COVID-19’s long-term impact on businesses, workers, and the nation as a whole.

    How COVID-19 will change the nation’s long-term economic trends

    By Mark Muro, Tracy Hadden Loh, Martha Ross, Jenny Schuetz, Annelies Goger, Nicole Bateman, William H. Frey, Joseph Parilla, Sifan Liu, and Adie Tomer (Brookings)

In The Spotlight

Mainstreaming sustainability and global cooperation will need reforms on the global financial system

Mainstreaming Sustainability and Global Cooperation will Need Reforms on the Global Financial System JAKARTA, 21 FEBRUARY 2022. G20 has always been a forum that recognizes the importance of collective action and inclusive collaboration among major developed and emerging economies worldwide. Inclusive collaboration […]


G20 needs to provide inclusive energy system to accelerate global energy transition

G20 Needs to Provide Inclusive Energy System to Accelerate Global Energy Transition JAKARTA, 21 FEBRUARY 2022. G20 member countries accounted for about 75% of global energy demand. Therefore, the G20 countries have a big responsibility and strategic role in encouraging the use […]


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