1. Revamp the upstream policy and institutional foundation to deliver on sustainable infrastructure The policy and institutional underpinnings for delivering on infrastructure projects are complex, encompassing upstream planning and project prioritization, sound frameworks for procurement and public-private partnerships, institutional capacities and governance, […]
1. Outline optimal regulatory principles that would enable banks and Fintechs work together Fintechs, instead of building business models based on existing data repositories, generally start with customer pain points in a nation. Instead of transferring trust from another industry’s customer relations, […]
This proposal is laid out in two major sections: • Section 1 explores the opportunities emerging in the MSME lending landscape and examines the alternative data used and frameworks developed to bridge the MSME financing gap. • Section 2 details the proposed […]
Proposal 1: Promote ‘honest’ CSR Firms can engage in ‘greenwashing’, where a firm masquerades as being environmentally friendly or socially responsible (e.g. using deceptive labelling). Greenwashing helps firms to deflect criticism from Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) or other interest groups. Moreover, ‘legal compliance’ […]
How and why MDGs were achieved should be reviewed. As we enter the new era of the SDGs, it is meaningful to understand how and why MDG Targets (or its monitoring indicator) were achieved or not achieved, in order to derive experiences […]
Various solutions can be proposed for more effective implementation of the LBF tool. The first step is a systematic approach and long-term participation Designed solutions from time to time return us to the basic concepts related to investment, taxation and institutional approaches. […]
I would like to propose three issues regarding the people and infrastructure which can contribute to disaster mitigation. 1. ENABLING LAWS We suffered immensely after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011. By 10th September 2018, the number of the […]
Proposal 1: G20 member countries should develop policies to incentivize the adoption of circular business models among firms through economic/market based instruments and strategies such as providing easier access to finance and tax incentives to these firms, developing procurement policies that include […]
This policy brief highlights six proposals to mainstream circular economy and society as a driving force towards global sustainability. Proposals 1, 2, and 3 relate to national priority issues, which should be incorporated to policy considerations of circular economy and society. Proposal […]
The quiet buildup of financial “fault lines” leading up to the 2007 crisis was due in part to financial institutions’ and regulators’ growing overconfidence in their ability to manage risks. Financial institutions were confident they had eliminated most of their risks by […]
1. Re-affirm that the IMF is an important pillar of the multilateral system striving for peace, stability, and sustainable development. Financial stability is a necessary underpinning of a world economy seeking to fulfill the SDGs and the IMF can help the multilateral […]
5. What makes a retirement income system? Each country has a different retirement income system. They are best systematised in terms of three pillars (Bateman et al 2001; OECD 2017): see Figure 2. First pillar benefits are unrelated to an individual’s past […]
Any successful policy responses to population aging should be geared to encourage economic growth, higher productivity, and higher income for workers. As such policy proposals to address challenges of macroeconomies and fiscal sustainability arising from population aging are presented in three areas […]
One of the solutions we propose for the above challenges is to enhance people’s financial literacy to help them plan better for retirement. Other solutions include financial incentives that encourage individuals to be better prepared for old age and financial innovations that […]
1. Management of costs associated with ageing The existence of population growth and ageing societies is unavoidable, and it comes at a cost to any economy therefore G20 countries have to develop policies that favour investment in social capital to grow the […]
Adopt and Implement Flexible Immigration Policies The robust economies of the industrialized countries create jobs, but the supply and demand of labor is skewed because of the raising potential support ratio (1). With regard, the potential support ratio in African countries, on […]
In Figure 1, we depict the national health system for an aging population as a non-linear learning process. The changing epidemiology does not only influence patient needs, but also sets new themes for health research, which in turn impacts medical decision making. […]
Empirical Strategy The goal of our empirical analysis is to measure the work capacity based on health status of elderly men in ages between 60 and 74. Unlike younger workers, older individuals’ labor market participation decisions could be affected by retirement incentives […]
Achieving enhanced formal FLFP will require clear policy prioritization and strong political will. While each G20 nation will undertake policy interventions in ways that would best suit their socio-economic realities, to encourage this transition the political will to prioritize bringing more women […]
Proposal 1: Governments should take a systemic view of pension systems Several countries have already taken concrete steps to deal with the aging of societies and its impact on the sustainability of pension systems. These steps range from the specific (including cutting […]
Business transfers are commonly understood as the transfer of ownership, and in most cases of management, of a company to one or more legal entities or natural persons (e.g. Mandl and Voithofer 2004). They can often be a complex matter due to […]
How to achieve sufficiently high levels of investments in human capital and organizational knowledge, and an optimal level of worker mobility, either between or within organizations? This proposal calls for established firms to change their work organization to enable worker mobility and […]
Promotion of Various Types of Entrepreneurs Creating opportunities for various types of entrepreneurs, including women and young individuals, could develop a range of employment and economic activities. However, women are less likely to be involved in entrepreneurial activities than men in many […]
Adopting an SME Lens When Considering Efforts to Promote GVCs Barriers to SME integration into global markets affect SMEs disproportionately, and policy plays a key role in overcoming these barriers. The complex web of global production highlights that a broad range of […]
Who should be the targets of public support for R&D and innovation? Social returns on R&D investments are usually higher than privates return to inventors due to the positive externality of R&D (Hall et al. 2010). Hence, policy intervention to close the […]
Improve Traditional Lending using New Technology and Big Data ➢ Emerging financial technology and innovations in traditional business models can take advantage of the rapidly digitizing economy to expand SMEs’ access to credit. 1. Process automation The traditional lending process may benefit from […]
The G20 should adopt non-binding Guiding Principles on Investment Facilitation for Sustainable Development With the objective of (i) leveraging investment for inclusive economic growth and sustainable development, (ii) ensuring that investment policy and measures are transparent, efficient, and effective while preserving policy […]
1. Development of human capital and infrastructure Because a major barrier to the expansion of GVCs is the low productivity of firms, human capital investment through formal education and business training certainly helps firms in countries of all income levels to participate […]
G20 policy-makers need to make trade and investment in services a more central pillar of policy formulation, consonant with the dominant role played by services in modern economies. We recommend the following steps. Send a clear signal recognizing the importance of services […]
This policy brief suggests that a systematic formation of policies for the flow of data and data-related businesses can be developed based on an analogy with trade in goods. On this basis, the brief classifies a series of data-related policies based on […]
The authors appreciate the contribution that the AB has made to promoting a more transparent, predictable and stable world trade order over the past 24 years. The authors believe that it is essential to ensure judicial independence of the AB, and that […]
It is high time that the G20 takes responsibility for the WTO again. Many G20 members have been playing significant roles in tackling pressing issues of global economic governance by swiftly developing innovative ideas and applying them. The G20, an informal body […]
The world economy has never been as closely integrated as it is today. International trade in goods and services as a share of world GDP has increased from around 35% in the mid-1980s to around 60% today, despite a hiatus during the […]
The recommendations outlined below focus, first, on improving policymakers’ access to data on platform economy work and, second, on using that information to design integrated systems of taxation and social protection and develop appropriate legal definitions of platform services and workers. We […]
In the final declaration of the 2018 G20 summit -“Building consensus for fair and sustainable development”- world leaders assessed that they “remain committed to building an inclusive, fair and sustainable Future of Work by promoting decent work (…) including work delivered through […]
Technological change and the future of work in the North Artificial intelligence (AI) and other digital technologies are changing the way we produce, consume, trade and work. This profound transformation resembles those brought by the steam engine in the late eighteenth century, […]
The G20 has been among those actively engaged in bridging the divide between skills, training and employability. The 2010 G20 Training Strategy highlighted the early vision and the anticipated needs and challenges that the labor market was likely to face (ILO, 2010). […]
This proposal is for four interrelated policy actions focused on driving workforce productivity growth alongside strengthening the recognition of societal benefits delivered through paid work. ● Policy action 1: The G20 should establish a working group (across the T20, B20 and L20) […]
Promoting Best Practices on TVET across G20 Countries by Understanding the Actual Situation of Self-Employed Individuals Working via Platforms This proposal is for two interconnected policy actions. • Policy Action 1: The first is that the G20 establish a T20-B20-L20 collaboration to […]
Understanding the actual situation of self-employed individuals working via platforms In order to formulate a basis for the design of new systems, it is essential to understand the actual situation of individuals who are working via platforms. Examples of necessary data are […]
1. Adopt a holistic approach towards lifelong learning that encompasses all stages of life, from preschool to post-retirement, and all forms of learning, including formal, nonformal, and informal education The skill base of the population (including education, digital skills, and ability to […]
G20 countries need to cooperate to develop consistent definitions of digital financial literacy, to design and implement tools to assess it, and develop strategies and programs to promote digital financial education as well as special programs for vulnerable groups, including the elderly, […]
Industrialization and deeper integration in GVCs contribute towards the prosperity of a region and helps accumulate physical and human capital. It integrates the informal and formal economy and generates demand for agriculture, mining, and other raw materials, as well as for energy […]
G20 as expert platform to examine quality in digital education and propose the formats • G20 should become a think tank to moderate the analytic work integrating different disciplines in order to elaborate the new principles of quality of education in digital environment […]
Across countries, laggard regions face the same challenge: digital innovation, growth and productivity cannot compete with that of urban hubs. Thus, policy making should foster economic development in these areas. A number of recommendations are well suited to achieve this goal. 1. […]
Proposal In Europe and other parts of the world, many are displeased with the functioning of their political system, and there is a clear sense that political elites are not responsive to citizens’ needs. To avoid exacerbating this disconnect, the G20 and […]
The psychological basis of discrimination and the vicious circle between discrimination and lack of integration As argued by Adida et al. (2010), discrimination and lack of integration are two sides of a vicious cycle. They observe how the French white majority tend […]
The solution: Digital emancipation There is a straightforward solution to this monstrously unjust and wasteful system: digital emancipation. Just like the emancipation from old-style slavery gave the slaves property rights over their own services, so emancipation from digital slavery must give users property […]