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Recommendations

Embedding The Circular Economy In Global Value Chains: Strategies And Frameworks For A Just And Effective Transition

The following eight proposals demonstrate how G20 leaders can create conditions to close the loop in global value chains. The proposals cover circular product design, the power of international trade policy to boost circular value chains, the importance of funding and transparent […]

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Digital Pathways to Resilient Communities: Enabling Universal Internet Access and Utilising Citizen-Generated Data

Citizens do not have equal access to data at any given time; therefore, there is a digital divide (Broom 2020, Stoiciu 2020). Albeit every country emphasises providing internet access to their citizens, Figure 1 shows that in many countries, most of the […]

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Addressing Worker’s Insecurity in the Age of Digitalization

1. Securing the rights of workers The first policy proposal put forward to address the issue of worker vulnerability is to provide fuller employment rights. Although this policy can be applied to precarious workers in general, this is an urgent issue for […]

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Driving Sustainable Mobility in Smart Cities Considering Supporting Infrastructures, Emerging Networks, and Open Secure Data

The proposal aims to highlight policies promoting the key areas impacting smart and sustainable mobility in future smart cities. This involves enabling the necessary technologies and infrastructures and building the socio-technological ecosystem necessary for the massive uptake of green electric mobility solutions. […]

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Bridging the Digital Literacy Gender Gap in Developing Countries

Quantifying the relationship between social norms and the gender gap in digital literacy To outline the relationship between gendered social norms and gender gap in digital literacy, we have plotted the correlation between a series of indicators from Target 4.4.1 of SDG […]

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Deepfakes And Security In The Information Environment: Challenges For Governments,society, And Business

Legislative measures in this area goes rather slowly, this is due to the fact that DFs is a multi-level problem and involves many areas, including acute and sensitive ones. The development of machine learning and a synthesis of modern AI techniques are […]

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Value-Based Healthcare Models to Improve Patient Outcomes, Create Resilience and Advance Universal Health Coverage in Developing Countries

Recommendation 1: Following the example of recent G20 meetings, include VBHC as part of the agenda for this international dialogue, with particular emphasis on how VBHC models can help support greater healthcare system development to better manage NCD and support universal healthcare […]

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Building Back Better: Addressing The Laboratory Readiness For Biodefence And Global Health Security

Building back better laboratories readiness Laboratory readiness is a key tenet for rapid response to an emerging disease with potential to become a pandemic. Fast planning of a strategic response, based on robust foundations, is essential for a timely laboratory preparedness. Collaboration […]

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Digital Transformation in Healthcare: Reach The Un-Reach at a Reduced Cost

Today, digitization has touched every part of our lives, influencing the way we work, shop, travel, educate, manage, and live. Digital transformation brings people, business, and technology together, enabling organizations to effectively change business dynamically to achieve goals more efficiently (SAS, 2022). […]

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Earmarking Health Tax for Sustainable UHC Financing in G20 Developing Countries

The three challenges above could be addressed by specifically finding alternative financing sources to extend the UHC funding, create unified healthcare system, and finally mobilizing financial resources to secure the GHS and close the between-countries health indicators gap. We propose health tax […]

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Establishing a Multilateral Biodefense & Biosecurity Network

Recommendation (1) Establishing a multilateral approach to biodefense through: Renewing legally-binding treaties of biological weapon non-proliferation. This will involve G20 countries and guest countries from the under-represented geographical regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, West Africa, and South America. This treaty will concern 3 […]

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Supporting Low-Middle Income Countries by Strengthening Global Health Governance to Reduce Inequalities

We believe that G20 can play a significant role in scaling up political commitment and catalyzing efforts to reframe the global health architecture in a more coherent direction to tackle emerging global health threats that require collective action. G20’s support is consequential […]

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Tailored Approach to Healthcare Data Privacy in the Digital Age

Proposal (1) Thinking differently about “Health Data” A new sectoral framework for privacy regulation requires a definition of “health data” that factors in the purpose of use of the data for critical healthcare goals. The United States’ health data framework, HIPAA, may […]

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The AIDP: Potential Impact for TB, Airborne Infectious Diseases, and Pandemic Preparedness

The Airborne Infections Defense Platform (AIDP) aims to strengthen political commitment and partnerships, globally and at country level, that will enhance the use of existing TB services for the detection, treatment, and prevention of airborne infectious diseases in high TB burden countries. […]

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Reducing Transboundary Pollution to Improve Human Health, Protect the Environment and Climate, and Ensure Healthy Food for All

Given the complexity of the planet’s natural systems and the extent of global trade, intricate supply chains and manufacturing processes, there can be no single approach or solution to transboundary pollution. Nor can pollution imported through food products be checked by relying […]

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Pragmatic Policy Support To Enable A Sustainable Energy Transition In Marine Fuels And Related Infrastructure

PROPOSAL 1: Introduce fiscal incentives that reflect and enhance the value of avoided carbon in maritime transport using a Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) framework. Avoided carbon should be factored in, incentivised, and monetised as a tradeable commodity for markets where carbon is […]

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Moving Towards a Virtuous Climate-Water-Energy-Food Nexus

Turning the WEF nexus from a vicious cycle of scarcity, competition and conflict into a virtuous cycle of resilience, sustainable resources management, cooperation and security is a prerequisite to allow countries to implement their commitments under the Paris Agreement and Agenda 2030 […]

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Governing Blue Carbon, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems for Climate Change Mitigation and Resilience

To meet these challenges, following the framework from Transformations for a Sustainable Ocean Economy report2 outlined in Appendix 1, we recommend that G20 leaders in Bali commit to the following five things: REJUVENATE THE LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS TO CONSERVE AND RESTORE […]

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Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows in the Development Context

The perceived unequal distribution of gains from data combined with the risk of data transfer overseas requires G20 leaders to factor in the multidimensionality of digital data in their effort to encourage DFFT. Free data flows narratives need to explore reasons beyond […]

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Implementing an Individual-Empowered Data Governance Regime

This policy brief proposes ways in which G20 governments can achieve an active market role for citizens, shifting the regulatory paradigm towards an individual-empowered, human-centered data governance regime. In short, this could be achieved by: Adopting a multi-tiered definition for personal information […]

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Establishment of the G20 Smart World Living Lab (g2swl): Recover Together, Recover Stronger and Smarter for Improving Quality of Life

Based on the abovementioned problems, we propose that the concept of sustainable development is used to solve the world’s problems gradually and sustainably as a policy. The idea is to implement a LL based on accurate data and using all data to […]

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Towards an International Agreement on Plastic Pollution: The Role of the G20

Existing International Treaties A brief review of existing international treaties is presented as follows. LONDON CONVENTION The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972, recognised as the London Convention, is amongst the pioneers of […]

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Strategic Action Plans of the G20 to Support Circular Economy of Batteries for Energy Sustainability

The need for immediate and urgent action against climate change is widely recognised. With more battery use in the future, it is critical to establish a sustainable CEB to ensure the battery value chain remains secure for future consumption. The G20 members, […]

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Regional Cooperation for Financing Renewable Energy in Southeast Asia

Responding to the three major challenges in RE financing three main proposals are formulated as a comprehensive and interrelated bundle through regional cooperation schemes. PROPOSAL 1: DEVELOP A COMMON PLATFORM AS AN INVESTMENT HUB TO ESCALATE CAPITAL INFLOW FOR RE FINANCING IN […]

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Reframing of Global Strategies and Regional Cooperation Pathways for an Inclusive Net-zero Strategy in the Energy Transition Framework

In view of these challenges, this brief proposes redirecting global strategies and regional cooperation pathways to an inclusive NZE strategy. In 2019, two Group of 20 (G20) members, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia, were among the world’s biggest energy producing nations (fourth and […]

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Transformative Innovation Policy Approach For Smartisation And Digitalisation Technology Towards Un Sdgs

Transformative innovation policy (TIP) proposes fundamental alterations on the existing socio- technical systems to overcome obstacles (Molas-Gallart et al., 2021). To understand the need for TIP, we should first acknowledge the need for a clear way to design, implement, and manage challenge-driven […]

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Towards Digital Empowerment of MSMEs

As the predominant form of business and employment, micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are key actors for building more inclusive and sustainable growth, increasing economic resilience and improving social cohesion. In fact, across the OECD, MSMEs account for about 60% of […]

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The Imperative For Building Awareness, Capabilities, And Commitment On Cybersecurity

Against the backdrop of heightened cybersecurity threats and risks, governments have a significant role to play in ensuring that businesses can operate without the constant fear of cyberattacks. Regulatory environment can be improved to build cyber resiliency. Step 1 – Formalize Cybersecurity […]

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Shared Understanding And Beyond: Toward A Framework For Data Protection And Cross-border Data Flows

Three key concepts, which account for controversial elements in the approaches of “free flow of data” and “data sovereignty”, stand out: privacy, size of data spaces and data localization. We propose that finding a common understanding in these areas can result in […]

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Resilient Global Supply-chain Creation Among G20 Countries

PROPOSAL 1. TRADE & FINANCING: ENHANCEMENT THROUGH PRICE CAP AND FINANCING FACILITIES Given the current shipping bottlenecks and shortage of fleet, combined with a non-existent financing facility, especially for developing countries, we propose: Price Caps to Tackle Unreasonable and Uncompetitive Cost This […]

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What Is Climate FDI? How Can We Help Grow It?

The policy brief lays out three proposals to help address these challenges, as summarized in figure 1. Figure 1: Overview of developments, challenges, and solutions to grow climate FDI Proposal 1. Mandate an expert group to agree on a definition of climate […]

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Global Value Chain Inclusivity And Digital Entrepreneurship

Figure 1 visualises our thesis that stimulating digital entrepreneurship can keep or make GVCs more inclusive while retaining their international competitiveness. It argues that the capacity for SMEs to get access to and benefit from GVCs can be increased through their digital […]

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Greening Global Trade: Enhanced Synergies Between Climate And Trade Policies For Decarbonization

To explore policy guidelines with an overarching spirit of inclusivity and transparency to promote green trade while managing climate-related issues, through harmonization of different environmental standards, coordinated carbon policy and border adjustment initiatives, transfer of technology with capacity building, this policy brief […]

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Roundabout Way To Multilateralism: How Could Regional Trade Agreements (rtas) And Plurilaterals Revitalise It?

In order to support cooperation, the key following recommendations should be implemented: Unnecessary trade barriers (both tariffs and non-tariff measures) should be avoided, and strong engagement with the WTO and its rules must be preserved; Attention must be given to specific details […]

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Digital Industrialization: Building Internationally Competitive Digital Industries With Global Value Chain Connectivity

By identifying best practice policy and regulatory settings for international digital competitiveness, this paper proposes a simplified framework of evidence-based benchmarks to guide structural reform efforts oriented to incentivizing innovation in digital industries. The paper covers policy settings in relation to: digital […]

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G20 Collaboration For Smooth Transition To 4IR In Developing Countries

Key enablers of 4IR transition The Group of 20 (G20) and the world economy are going to embrace the 4IR in an accelerated fashion in the coming years. The growing spread of digital products and services will make this process irreversible regardless […]

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An Inclusive Evaluation Framework For Sustainable Investment

The authors propose that the G20 initiate a forum to discuss an evaluation framework for sustainable investment initiatives to help address these challenges. The forum should initially focus on the following: unification of corporate disclosure standards (Proposal 1); enhancement of the transparency, […]

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Towards A More Open, Fairer And Greener Trade: Reducing Barriers, Mainstreaming Green Agenda

Context Classification of Green Industry and Green Trade The classification of green trade is derived from the classification of green industry, which covers more industries than the traditional classification of “climate” and “environmental” industries. When it is said that trade is a […]

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Disciplining Rules Of Origin At The Multilateral Level Towards Open And Inclusive Global Value Chains

This is a critical moment for the international community to take action given the following recent developments: 1. Research has detected de facto convergence and lessons learned on rules of origin and their administration Research has identified that preferential RoO in FTAs […]

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Exploration Of New Methodologies And Configurations For An Effective Wto And To Strengthen The Multilateral Trading System

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A Framework To Strengthen The AI Adoption In Healthcare

Figure 1. The transition framework from centralized to federated governance via Measurement Matrix To address the aforementioned challenges, a comprehensive framework is needed to ensure each level of problem is properly taken into account. The main concept of governance transition from centralized […]

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Digital Inclusion And Empowerment Of Women Entrprenuers In The Post Pandemic Era

We propose that the G20 take a globally-coordinated and multi-faceted approach that supports the digital inclusion and empowerment of women entrepreneurs in the post-pandemic era. Our recommendations focus on achieving three main objectives: (1) building digital capacity among WSMEs, (2) increasing WSMEs’ […]

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Digital Transformation For Rural Areas And Smart Villageses

Digital transformation is one of the focus of this year’s G20 forum. G20 governments are expected to share their efforts and investments toward rural areas. Therefore, Digitization and digital transformation in rural areas have become important in creating inclusive recovery and assisting […]

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Digital Development Cooperation Through SSC Lens: Challenges And Impact

A high-level panel on Digital Cooperation[2] recently noted several gaps and challenges in the existing architecture, including the lack of political will, lack of inclusiveness of some crucial stakeholders, multiplicity of autonomous operators with overlapping mandates, as well as a lack of […]

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Enhancing International Cooperation, Data Governance And Public-private Partnership To Protect Critical Infrastructures Against Cyber Threats

This Policy Brief offers three recommendations to the G20 to implement a comprehensive framework for protecting smart critical infrastructures in both the national and the international spheres by mobilizing the driver role played by inclusive partnerships between the public and private sectors […]

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Capacity Development In Enhanced Multilevel Governance Based On A Tripartite “Head (Cognitive), Hand (Digital), Heart (Music Performance)” Model

The effort is to make use of knowledge-driven digital capacity in support of G20 priorities, typically post-pandemic health, climate change policy, and sustainable development and finance. Attention is to be directed as well to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (United Nations, […]

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Nexus Of AI On Developing Ceteris Paribus On Laws And Ethics Towards Global Cooperation. Lessons From The Republic Of Indonesia

The dystopian analysis, argumentation, and prognoses about AI do not mean we are pessimistic about AI. Still, it was an effort to identify the evil and harmful of AI to set practical policies for exploiting AI to improve the quality of human […]

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How AI Can Change The Development-Technology Landscape In The Post Pandemic Era

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a wide potential to replace systems that work by identifying, sifting through, and analysing large amounts of data to interpret patterns and automating processes (Toplic, 2020). AI can amplify ongoing work as per the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable […]

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Towards Two-Way Digital FDI: Facilitating Digital Investment Flows Between Economies

There is broad consensus that digital transformation has been brought forward by years, and is permeating nearly all economic sectors and functions (McKinsey Digital, 2020). Firms realize they need to invest in digital capacity or risk losing market share or even go […]

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Towards A Global Agenda For Digitalization Without Greenhouse Emissions

One of the most significant challenges of our time is reconciling the progress of ICTs and ICT-based applications—known as digitalization—with efforts to achieve a green economy (Langer et al., 2020; Knowles et al. 2022). The first problem is that there is no […]

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